【题目】阅读下列材料，回答问题。
材料一 浪漫主义文学的兴起是由18世纪末和19世纪初欧洲的社会政治状况决定的。1789年的法国资产阶级革命，推翻了封建专制政权，建立了资产阶级统治。这次革命影响巨大，意义深远，它震撼了整个欧洲的封建统治，许多国家掀起了资产阶级民主革命和民族解放运动。但是，在保卫和巩固这次革命成果的过程中，曾出现极其复杂的形势，经历了一场革命和反革命、复辟与反复辟的长期斗争。法国大革命后出现的动荡、混乱、灾难的局面，完全不是人们期望的。伟大的启蒙学者们所预言的那个理想社会根本没有出现。贫富对立变得更加尖锐，阶级压迫更加残酷，资产阶级的恶德败行以最丑恶的形式表现出来。法国革命后的现实宣告了启蒙运动理想的破灭，在广大社会阶层中引起了一种普遍的失望情绪，浪漫主义正是这种失望情绪在文学上的反映。
——《世界近代文学简史》
材料二 资本主义在欧洲各国不同程度的发展，人们头脑中的物质利益观念不断加强，金钱成了衡量人的主要的或唯一的尺度，人与人之间的关系也随之发生变化。人在挣脱封建束缚从而获得一定的人身自由后，又在物质财富面前丧失精神的、心理的以及人格的自由；在热衷于创造物质财富并依赖于物质财富的生存环境中，人对人的压迫与剥削以新的形态表现出来，人与人之间的关系趋于恶化。现实告诉人们，启蒙主义者所宣示的“价值”和浪漫主义者所追求的“理想”并未实现，人们须以一种新的冷静的眼光重新看待现实和思考自己的命运，并寻求改善自己的生存处境的方法。于是，追求客观冷静地分析与解剖现实的社会心理和风气随之形成，反映在作家创作上，就是他们摒弃浪漫主义的主观想象和抒情，通过对社会现实作如实细致的描绘，揭露社会的黑暗，展示在物质与金钱挤压下人的各种心态……
（1）根据材料一和所学知识，概括浪漫主义文学流派产生的历史背景。
（2）根据材料二和所学知识，指出欧洲浪漫主义文学流派与现实主义文学流派的内在区别。这两种文学流派形成和发展的决定性因素是什么？
【答案】
（1）资产阶级民主革命和民族解放运动；工业革命的逐步开展；启蒙思想家理想社会预言的破灭；资本主义发展中出现的社会弊端。
（2）内在区别：浪漫主义文学偏重表现主观世界，寻求新的精神寄托；现实主义文学反映客观现实，具有批判性。
决定性因素：欧洲社会政治、经济的剧变。
【解析】
第（1）问，一定时期的思想文化是一定时期政治经济的反映，浪漫主义文学流派产生的历史背景可从当时欧洲的政治经济状况中归纳。
第（2）问，第一小问，结合所学知识可知，人们对现实感到失望，在文学作品中憧憬自己的理想社会，因此浪漫主义文学偏重表现主观世界，寻求新的精神寄托；而现实主义文学的特点是真实地再现社会风貌，揭露社会的黑暗，因此现实主义文学反映客观现实，具有批判性。第二小问，决定性因素是社会政治、经济的变化。
名校课堂系列答案科目：高中地理 来源： 题型：
【题目】阅读材料，回答问题。
材料一 宋代是印刷术普遍应用时期，也是中国学术史上的重要时期。《十三经》和《十七史》的印行，地方史志的编纂，许多数学、工艺、医药和科技著作的问世，大型类书和丛书的编印，都在这一时期。而学术的复兴又促进了学校和书院的兴盛，加之为准备各级考试，使得教本、史籍、韵书、字典等大量印行。据方志记载，宋代进士姓名可考者有29000人，其中两浙、福建等五路约占82%；宋代印书有地可考者1500种，该五路即占80%。反之，夔州路（今重庆市）仅有进士103人，而所印之书只有2种。
——摘编自《印刷术在中国传统文化中的作用》
材料二 明代以前，医学对于传染病学的认识都未超出“伤寒论”的范围。明清两代医药学家，深入研究传染病等热性病发病原因和医疗方法，创立了温病学说，疗效显著。如《震泽县志续》载，乾隆二十一年，“瘟疫遍行，家无不病，病无不危”，名医孙日琏施诊施药，“赖以全活者计千有余人”。又如《相城小志》载，光绪十七年，“疫症盛行，呕泻螺疮起”，龚霞伯以四味中药“遍施之，病立愈，活人甚众”。
——摘编自余《清代江南的瘟疫与社会》等
（1）依据材料一，归纳印刷术普遍应用所产生的作用。
（2）依据材料二和所学知识，指出明代以前中医治疗传染病的理论来源，明清时期有何新发展？实践效果怎样？
（3）综上所述，谈谈科技与社会的相互作用。
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【题目】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Good study habits are what separate the good students from the average. It’s natural to not want to study,especially when there are video games to play, friends to chat with and TiVo to watch. 【1】 Besides, developing your concentration has its own reward in that it helps make you a calmer, smarter person for life. Read on to learn how.
【2】
If you find the right place and keep coming back to it, you will condition your brain to focus when the time comes to read the books. Find a place where you can spread out your materials. Any location you pick should be well lighted and quiet.
Minimize distractions, including cell phones, email and social networking sites.
Noise is okay if you need the sound of music or television in the background. 【3】 If you are distracted by shiny objects, keep your head down so you see only the page in front of you.
Use active reading techniques to keep your brain from wandering off.
Reading is as effective as the information you remember, so challenge yourself by asking questions as you go. Try looking away from the page and summarizing out loud what you just read. 【4】
Mix it up.
【5】 It’s natural to want variety so that you stay interested in what you are trying to learn. If you find a particular subject boring, sandwich it between two subjects you enjoy.
A.Pick a spot to study.
B.Choose a time to study.
C. If you need total silence, invest
D.After a good study session, you will enjoy all those activities even more.
E.Make notes on what you don’t understand and follow up with the instructor.
F.Let your treat be a chat with friends, a healthy snack, or even a night on the town.
G.Study one subject for an hour, take a break, and then continue with another subject.
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【题目】阅读材料，回答问题。
材料一 采取现在的方针，文学艺术、科学技术会繁荣发达，党会经常保持活力，人民事业会欣欣向荣，中国会变成一个大强国而又使人可亲。
——毛泽东1957年上海讲话
材料二 在贯彻“双百”方针时，必须坚持这样的原则：在学术批评和讨论中，任何人都不能有什么特权；以“权威”自居，压制批评，或者对资产阶级错误思想熟视无睹，采取自由主义甚至投降主义的态度都是不对的。学术批评和讨论，应当是说理的，实事求是的，提倡建立在科学基础上的学术论争。
——1956年中宣部部长陆定一讲话
材料三 随着反右派运动（1957年）的开展，相当多的人自觉不自觉地将“右派言论”的出笼与“百家争鸣”联系起来，认为都是“百家争鸣”闯的祸。所以反右派运动后，“双百”方针作为一句口号还在使用。但实际上已不可能是“百花齐放，百家争鸣”了。
——《1957年，“双百”方针为何中断》
（1）结合材料一和所学知识，说明我国在1956年采取“双百”方针的目的有哪些。
（2）根据材料二，概括在贯彻“双百”方针时应该坚持哪些基本原则。
（3）概括材料三反映的现象，并分析其影响。
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【题目】1953年艾青在《谈中国画》一文中提出了“新国画”概念。该文发表后，许多人撰文表示反对，然而这些反对文章却并未公开发表。3年后，《文艺报》刊登了俞剑华、刘桐良等批判《谈中国画》的文章。导致这一变化的直接因素是
A．三大改造基本完成 B．《中华人民共和国宪法》的颁布
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【题目】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.
During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.
He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.
Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath.
My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents（文件）. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.
That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored ourfaith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.
【1】 After Rashid returned from shopping, he found that________.
A. it was time to find a house
B. his suitcase had disappeared
C. a pile of unfamiliar papers
D. his passport was in the trash can
【2】 From the passage we can infer that_________.
A. the girl likes picking up trash
B . the documents are of no use
C. some paperwork is needed before settling in a new country
D. the stranger’s daughter found a pile of familiar papers in the trash can
【3】 The stranger’s family got to know Rashid’s telephone number_________.
A. with the help of the police
B . by consulting everywhere
C. from a half-written letter in the pile
D. on seeing the suitcase
【4】 Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. From India to Australia.
B. Turning Trash to Treasure.
C. Living in a New Country.
D. In Search of a house.
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【题目】长江三角洲和松嫩平原都位于我国东部季风区，但是地理环境存在显著的差异，区域发展方向也不同。据此完成下列问题。
【1】导致长江三角洲和松嫩平原年平均气温存在差异的主要因素是( )
A．海陆分布
B．地形
C．距冬季风源地的远近
D．纬度位置和距冬季风源地的远近
【2】关于长江三角洲农业生产的叙述，正确的是( )
A．耕地多为水田，适宜大规模机械化作业，集约化程度高
B．温带季风气候，优越的水热条件，使其农作物能够一年两熟至三熟
C．长江三角洲河湖水面广，水产业较发达
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【题目】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
In the fall of 1985, I was a brighteyed girl heading off to Howard University, aiming at a legal career and dreaming of sitting on a Supreme Court bench somewhere. Twentyone years later I am still a brighteyed dreamer and one with quite a different tale to tell.
My grandma, an amazing woman, graduated from college at the age of 65. She was the first in our family to reach that goal. But one year after I started college, she developed cancer. I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for her. It meant that school and my personal dream would have to wait.
Then I got married with another dream: building my family with a combination of adopted and biological children. In 1999, we adopted our first son. To lay eyes on him was fantastic—and very emotional. A year later came our second adopted boy. Then followed son No.3. In 2003, I gave birth to another boy.
You can imagine how fully occupied I became, raising four boys under the age of 8! Our home was a complete zoo—a joyous zoo. Not surprising, I never did make it back to college fulltime. But I never gave up on the dream either. I had only one choice: to find a way. That meant taking as few as one class each semester.
The hardest part was feeling guilty about the time I spent away from the boys. They often wanted me to stay home with them. There certainly were times I wanted to quit, but I knew I should set an example for them to follow through the rest of their lives.
In 2007, I graduated from the University of North Carolina. It took me over 21 years to get my college degree!
Everything you want won't arrive in your life in one day. It's a process. Remember: little steps add up to big dreams.
【1】 What is the meaning of the underlined word “withdraw” in Paragraph 2?
A. Continue. B. Drop.
C. Graduate. D. Learn.
【2】How did the author feel when she had to leave home to study?
A. Excited. B. Happy.
C. Guilty. D. Disappointed.
【3】How did the writer develop the passage?
A. By giving examples. B. By comparison.
C. By giving explanations. D. By time order.
【4】What can we learn from this story?
A. Well begun is half done.
B. God helps those who help themselves.
C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
D. Pride hurts, modesty benefits.
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