【题目】2014年2月10日,国家卫计委宣布上海、江苏等9个省份已通过备案,成为第一批实施“单独两孩”政策的省份。下图是我国某省从建国初期至今的人口自然增长轨迹示意图,其中Ⅲ阶段为预测段。完成下列各题。
【1】关于图中人口变化的描述正确的是
A.Ⅰ阶段人口数量大于Ⅱ阶段人口数量
B.Ⅱ阶段会出现劳动力严重短缺问题
C.Ⅲ阶段不会出现人口老龄化问题
D.②和③拐点的出现主要是受政策因素影响
【2】该省实施单独二孩政策以后,十年内不会对以下各项中产生明显影响的是
A.人口老龄化速度
B.劳动力的规模
C.婴幼儿用品消费市场及相关产业
D.医疗教育等公共资源
【答案】
【1】D
【2】B
【解析】
试题分析:
【1】 读图,根据图中曲线,Ⅱ阶段的人口出生率大于死亡率,人口总数持续增大,所以I阶段人口数量小于Ⅱ阶段 ,A错。Ⅱ阶段人口自然增长率下降,但仍较高,不会出现劳动力严重短缺,B错。Ⅲ阶段人口老龄化问题仍较严重,C错。②拐点出现是严格的计划生育政策,③拐点的出现主要是计划生育政策调整,都受政策因素影响 ,D对。
【2】该省实施单独二胎政策以后,出生率增加,人口自然增长率增加,人口老龄化速度会减明显慢,A错。但十年内新增人口不会转化成劳动力,不会影响劳动力的规模,B对。人口自然增长率增加,婴幼儿用品消费市场及相关产业有明显发展,C错。人口增长,医疗教育等公共资源增加明显,D错。
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