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    【题目】充分燃烧某糖，消耗的氧气、生成的CO2和H2O的物质的量都相等，它的相对分子质量是它实验式的5倍，0.1 mol该糖能与24 g乙酸发生酯化反应，且该糖能与银氨溶液发生银镜反应。求：

    (1)该糖的实验式。

    (2)该糖的相对分子质量、分子式。

    (3)若该糖是直链分子，同一个碳原子上连有2个羟基不稳定，推导出它的结构简式。

    【答案】(1)CH2O

    (2)150 C5H10O5

    (3)CH2OHCHOHCHOHCHOHCHO

    【解析】据“充分燃烧某糖，消耗的氧气、生成的CO2和H2O的物质的量都相等”可得出实验式为CH2O，再据“它的相对分子质量是它实验式的5倍”可确定其相对分子质量和分子式分别为150和C5H10O5；然后确定它的分子结构：“0.1 mol该糖能与24 g乙酸发生酯化反应，且该糖能与银氨溶液发生银镜反应”，首先说明该糖分子中同时有羟基和醛基，根据“0.1 mol该糖能与24 g乙酸发生酯化反应”，可计算出羟基数目为4个。

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