【题目】阅读材料,回答问题。
材料一 中国与发达国家社会事业支出占财政总支出比较表
国家 | 教育事业 | 卫生事业 | 社会保险 | 社会福利 |
中国 | 4.6% | 3.7% | 6.5% | 2.4% |
发达国家 | 14.2% | 11.3% | 10.1% | 6% |
注:“上学难”“看病难”“买房难”主要指相对于普通老百姓有限的收入来说,上学费用太高、看病费用太贵、买房价格太高,因而消费不起,显得很“难”。
材料二 中央财政将安排投入大量资金用于加快保障性住房建设、农村“水电路气房”等民生工程,重大基础设施建设,卫生教育等社会事业建设,节能减排和生态环境建设,自主创新和结构调整(包括重点产业调整和振兴规划)。为应对欧洲债务危机对我国经济的冲击,中央果断决策,继续实施积极的财政政策,迅速推出扩大内需促进经济平稳较快发展的一揽子计划。
(1)分析材料一反映了怎样的经济信息?
(2)结合材料二,谈谈财政在促进国民经济发展中是如何发挥作用的。
【答案】(1)经济信息:①中国社会事业支出占财政总支出比重低于发达国家,国家社会事业发展水平比较落后。②家庭收入水平和物价水平制约了居民生活水平的提高。
(2)①加大保障性住房建设、卫生教育等社会事业建设支出力度,维护了社会公平,改善了人民生活。②加大农村“水电路气房”等民生工程、重大基础设施建设支出,促进了资源优化合理配置。③面对欧洲债务危机实施积极财政政策,扩大内需,弥补外需不足的现状,有利于促进经济平稳运行。
【解析】(1)本题以图表加注释的形式考查学生的阅读、理解、分析及归纳方面的能力。根据图表,不难归纳出“中国社会事业支出占财政总支出比重低于发达国家,国家社会事业发展水平比较落后”这一观点。根据注释,可以总结出导致消费不足的原因是受物价、收入等因素的影响。
(2)本题考查学生获取材料和解读信息、调动和运用知识的能力。该题限定的知识点非常明确:财政的作用。学生只要明确财政三大作用的表现,将这三个方面与材料信息比对即可。
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【7】A. mood B. position C. state D. way
【8】A. advice B. reference C. protection D. treatment
【9】A. viewed B. knew C. noticed D. wondered
【10】A. while B. because C. although D. providing
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【18】A. since B. but C. so D. for
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【20】A. promised B. swore C. thought D. replied
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