【题目】阅读下面的文言文,回答下列各题
始皇既没,余威震于殊俗。然陈涉瓮牖绳枢之子,氓隶之人,而迁徙之徒也;才能不及中人,非有仲尼、墨翟之贤,陶朱、猗顿之富;蹑足行伍之间,而倔起阡陌之中,率疲弊之卒,将数百之众,转而攻秦;斩木为兵,揭竿为旗,天下云集响应,赢粮而景从。山东豪俊并起而亡秦族矣。
且夫天下非小弱也,雍州之地,崤函之固,自若也。陈涉之位,非尊于齐、楚、燕、赵、韩、魏、宋、卫、中山乏君也;锄耰棘矜,非铦于钩戟长铩也;谪戍之众,非抗于九国之师也;深谋远虑,行军用兵之道,非及向时之士也。然而成败异变,功业相反,何也?试使山东之国与陈涉度长絜大,比权量力,则不可同年而语矣。然秦以区区之地,致万乘之势,序八州而朝同列,百有余年矣;然后以六合为家,崤函为宫;一夫作难而七庙隳,身死人手,为天下笑者,何也?仁义不施而攻守之势异也。
【1】对下列各句中加点的词的解释,不正确的—项是( )
A.赢粮而景从 赢:担负。
B.锄耰棘矜,非铦于钩戟长铩也 铦:锋利。
C.余威震于殊俗 殊:特殊。
D.序八州而朝同列 序:排列座次。
【2】下列加点词语的意义和用法,相同的一项是( )
A.锄耰棘矜,非铦于钩戟长铩也 于是余有叹焉
B.然秦以区区之地 以先国家之急而后私仇也
C.然后以六合为家,崤函为宫 吾属皆且为所虏
D.非及向时之士也 仁义不施而攻守之势异也
【3】下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是( )
A.“仁义不施而攻守之势异也”是全文的中心,作者用以劝说当代及后世统治者施行
仁义以安民。
B.本段文字集中运用了对比手法,通过对比论证,非常鲜明地突出了全文中心。
C.本段是在前文铺叙基础上的集中议论,大量的史实使作者的论点水到渠成。
D.本段文字思路清晰,层次分明。以“仁义不施而攻守之势异也”收束全篇,点明主
旨。
【4】把文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
(1)斩木为兵,揭竿为旗,天下云集响应,赢粮而景从。
译文:_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
(2)一夫作难而七庙隳,身死人手,为天下笑者,何也?仁义不施而攻守之势异也。
译文:_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
【答案】
【1】C
【2】D
【3】A
【4】(1)(陈涉)砍下树木作武器,举起竹竿当旗帜,天下人如同云一样聚集起来,回声似
的应和他,都带着粮食,影子似的跟着他。(2)一个戍卒发难就毁掉了天子七庙,皇子皇孙都死在人家手里,被天下人耻笑,是什么原因呢?就因为不施行仁义而攻守的形势已经发生了变化啊。
【解析】
【1】殊:不同的,边远的。
【2】A项,于:前句,介词,比;后句,介词,对。B项,以:前句,介词,凭借;
后句,连词,用来,用以。C项,D项,为:句,动词,作为;后句,介词,表被动,被。
D项,两个“之”都是结构助词,的。
【3】“作者用以劝说当代及后世统治者施行仁义以安民”表述不正确,应为“作者用以劝谏汉文帝对人民实行宽松的政策”,没有劝说后世统治者。
【4】第(1)句要准确译出“斩”“揭”“云集”“景从”的含义,正确译出句意。第(2)句要准确译出“夫”“作难”“七庙”“隳”“为”“异”的含义,正确译出句意。译文语意通顺。
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