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【题目】阅读下面的文言文,回答下列各

始皇既没,余威震于殊俗。然陈涉瓮牖绳枢之子,氓隶之人,而迁徙之徒也;才能不及中人,非有仲尼、墨翟之贤,陶朱、猗顿之富;蹑足行伍之间,而倔起阡陌之中,率疲弊之卒,将数百之众,转而攻秦;斩木为兵,揭竿为旗,天下云集响应,赢粮而景从。山东豪俊并起而亡秦族矣。

且夫天下非小弱也,雍州之地,崤函之固,自若也。陈涉之位,非尊于齐、楚、燕、赵、韩、魏、宋、卫、中山乏君也;锄耰棘矜,非铦于钩戟长铩也;谪戍之众,非抗于九国之师也;深谋远虑,行军用兵之道,非及向时之士也。然而成败异变,功业相反,何也?试使山东之国与陈涉度长絜大,比权量力,则不可同年而语矣。然秦以区区之地,致万乘之势,序八州而朝同列,百有余年矣;然后以六合为家,崤函为宫;一夫作难而七庙隳,身死人手,为天下笑者,何也?仁义不施而攻守之势异也。

【1】对下列各句中加点的词的解释,不正确的—项是

A.景从 赢:担负

B.锄棘矜,非于钩戟长铩也 :锋利

C.余威震 殊:

D.八州而朝同列 序:排列座次

【2】下列加点词语的意义和用法相同的项是

A.锄耰棘矜,非铦钩戟长铩也 是余有叹焉

B.然秦区区之地 先国家之急而后私仇也

C.然后以六合家,崤函为宫 吾属皆且所虏

D.非及向时士也 仁义不施而攻守势异也

【3】下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是(

A.仁义不施而攻守之势异全文的中心,作者用以劝说当代后世统治者施行

仁义以安民

B.本段文字集中运用了对比手,通过对比论证,非常鲜明地突出了全文中心。

C.本段是在前文铺叙基础的集中议论,大量的史实使作者的论点水到渠成

D.本段文字思路清晰,层次分明。以仁义不施而攻守之势异全篇,点明主

旨。

【4】把文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)斩木为兵,揭竿为旗,天下云集响应,赢粮而景从。

译文:_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

(2)一夫作难而七庙隳,身死人手,为天下笑者,何也?仁义不施而攻守之势异也。

译文:_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

【答案】

【1】C

【2】D

【3】A

【4】(1)(陈涉)砍下树木作武器,举起竹竿当旗帜,天下人如同云一样聚集起来,回声似

的应和他,都带着粮食,影子似的跟着他。(2)一个戍卒发难就毁掉了天子七庙,皇子皇孙都死在人家手里,被天下人耻笑,是什么原因呢?就因为不施行仁义而攻守的形势已经发生了变化啊。

【解析】

【1】殊:不同的,边远的。

【2】A项,于:前句,介词,比;后句,介词,对。B项,以:前句,介词,凭借;

后句,连词,用来,用以。C项,D项,为:句,动词,作为;后句,介词,表被动,被。

D项,两个都是结构助词,的。

【3】作者用以劝说当代及后世统治者施行仁义以安民表述不正确,应为作者用以劝谏汉文帝对人民实行宽松的政策,没有劝说后世统治者。

【4】第(1)句要准确译出”“”“云集”“景从的含义,正确译出句意。第(2)句要准确译出”“作难”“七庙”“”“”“的含义,正确译出句意。译文语意通顺。

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