【题目】阅读材料,完成下列要求。
材料一 既占上海,又割台湾;胶州强立埠,国土欲瓜分.自古夷狄之横,未有甚于者。
——苑书义等《中国近代史新编》
材料二 最恨和约,误国殃民,上行下效,民冤不伸,原忍至今,羽翼洋人,趋炎附势虐同群。
——《义和团档案史料》
材料三 “无论欧美日本各国,皆无此脑力与兵力,可以统治此天下生灵四分之一也”“故瓜分一事,实为下策”。
——瓦德西《拳乱笔记》
(1)根据材料一和所学知识,指出“又割台湾”、“胶州强立埠”所代表的事件。
(2)根据材料一、二和所学知识,说明义和团运动爆发的主要原因。
(3)根据材料三和所学知识,指出义和团对“洋人”和“清政府”的态度并分析成因。
(4)依据上述材料和所学知识,说明义和团运动的实际反帝效果。
【答案】(1)1895年日本通过《马关条约》割占台湾;1897年德国强占胶州湾。
(2)19世纪末帝国主义掀起瓜分中国的狂潮,清政府又实行卖国政策,民族危机空前严重。
(3)态度:灭洋,扶清。原因:帝国主义侵略不断加深,帝国主义与中华民族的矛盾空前激化;对帝国主义和清政府的反动本质认识不清。
(4)义和团运动沉重打击了帝国主义,粉碎了帝国主义瓜分中国的迷梦。
【解析】(1)近代首次割占中国台湾的是日本。“国土欲瓜分”是瓜分狂潮,应在19世纪末,起点是德国强租胶州湾。
(2)材料一涉及的是瓜分狂潮的开始,中华民族面临亡国灭种的危机,中华民族和帝国主义的矛盾十分尖锐。材料二信息“最恨和约”主要指《辛丑条约》。“趋炎附势虐同群”指清政府完全成为洋人的朝廷,综合两个材料可得出结论:民族危机空前严重,中外反动势力勾结,共同压迫中国人民。
(3)义和团运动的口号是“扶清灭洋”,回答原因要联系时局的变化,初期义和团是民间秘密反清组织。随着中华民族危机的加深,中华民族与帝国主义的矛盾日趋尖锐,义和团提出了“扶清灭洋”口号。这也说明义和团对清政府的本质缺乏清醒的认识。
(4)材料是当时德国统帅瓦德西所说,其核心观点是“欧美日本各国皆无此脑力与兵力可以统治此天下生灵四分之一”,即哪个国家都不可能单独统治中国。“故瓜分一事,实为下策”是指瓜分中国分别建立殖民地是不可能的,只能以华制华。这也恰恰是义和团的功绩,使帝国主义者看到中国人民的伟大力量。
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This Way to Dreamland
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Surprisingly, Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; instead, she won respect from the students. Over the year, she witnessed gradual change in the class. At the graduation ceremony, just as she expected, she was very proud to stand with a class of care, manners and confidence.
[写作内容]
1. 用约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2. 用约120个词就班规谈谈你的想法,内容包括:
(1) 你们班最突出的问题是什么?
(2) 针对该问题你会设计一条什么班规?
(3)你认为班规会带来什么影响?
[写作要求]
1. 作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事,也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不得直接引用原文的句子。
2. 作文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括准确,语言规范,内容合适,篇章连贯。
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