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【题目】下表是非洲和欧洲某年人口增长的相关数据。完成下列问题。

出生率(%)

死亡率(%)

自然增长率(%)

非洲

4.0

1.4

2.6

欧洲

1.0

1.2

-0.2

【1】非洲人口增长模式属于

A.原始型人口增长模式 B.传统型人口增长模式

C.模式 D.低—低—低模式

【2】欧洲人口自然增长率低的主要原因是

A.经济发展水平和文化水平较高 B.人们的生育意愿强

C.人口合理容量已经达到最大值 D.人们的离婚率较低

【答案】

【1】C

【2】A

【解析】

试题分析:

【1】表格中信息,非洲出生率高、死亡率低、自然增长率高,属于传统型。C项正确。故选C。

【2】欧洲人口增长模式为现代型。经济发展水平高,文化水平高人们生育意愿低有关。A项正确。人们的生育意愿强会导致出生率高。B项错误。人口合理容量与资源、科技、开放程度与消费水平有关。C项错误。人们的离婚率高低与人口增长模式无关。D项错误。故选A。

类型

所处文

明阶段

转变

环节

农业

文明

生产力极为低下,劳动力不足且无节制生育导致极高的出生率;而频繁的战争、食物匮乏和极差的医疗卫生条件死亡率奇高。

原因:社会生产力的发展

开始:从死亡率的下降开始;

实现:出生率的下降最终促使人口再生产类型转变的实现

工业

文明

随着工业化的发展,生活质量不断提高,死亡率下降;同时劳动生产率也极大提高,加上节育措施逐渐普及,出生率开始下降。代表性国家如巴西等。

增加社会劳动力,增加社会财富,促进社会发展,同时促进城市化进程;

过多的人口造成社会就业压力空前,导致环境污染,生态破坏,能源紧缺,社会难以安定等一系列问题

后工业

文明

现代科学和技术飞速发展,推动了社会进步和生活观念的变革,出生率很低;死亡率因人口老年化而有所上升。代表性国家如德国等。

有效缓解人口迅猛增长的趋势,使区域人口从严重的不平衡状态回复到新的基本平衡状态。

使得社会劳动力缺乏,不利于产业发展,不利于国家的经济发展;并出现人口老龄化严重,增加社会福利负担,更不利于国家的财政建设。

地区

代表地区

人口增长模式

备注

发达国家

欧洲和

北美

现代型

20世纪50年代后,发达国家的人口出生率不断降低,到70年代中期,以欧洲和北美为代表的发达地区的人口自然增长率平均不足1%,人口增长模式已进入现代型。

少数发展

中国家

中国、韩国、古巴

现代型

有利的控制人口发展的政策

多数发展

中国家

亚非拉

由传统型向现代型的转变

大多数发展中国家的人口死亡率已降至与发达国家相当的水平,但人口的出生率仍较高

整个

世界

由传统型转向现代型的过渡阶段

由于发展中国家的人口占世界人口的绝大多数

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