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    【题目】科学研究表明，月球上有丰富的He资源，可开发利用作未来的新型能源。

    (1) He的中子数是________，He与He互称为________。

    (2)α粒子是带有2个单位正电荷、质量数为4的原子核，由此推断α粒子含有________个质子和________个中子。

    (3)在He、He两种核素中，原子核内的中子数之差为________，与α粒子有相同质子数和中子数的是________。

    【答案】(1)1 同位素 (2)2 2 (3)1 He

    【解析】(1)He表示质子数为2、质量数为3的一个氦原子，其中子数是3－2＝1；He与He互称为同位素。(2)根据信息α粒子是一个原子核可知α粒子中不含电子，再由α粒子带有2个单位正电荷可知其含有2个质子，进而可以根据质量数为4的原子核推断出α粒子含有2个中子。(3)He中有2个质子和1个中子、He中有2个质子和2个中子，故二者中子数之差为1；在He中有2个质子和2个中子，与α粒子有相同质子数和中子数。

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