【题目】Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推车）. They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will know—or even think to ask—who it was that invented them.
Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带） groceries around in baskets they had to carry.
One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.
On June 4, 1937, Goldman's first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn't wait to see them using his invention.
But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.
After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren't using his carts. “Don't you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied.
But Goldman wasn't beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony（假冒的） customers.
As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come—those who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.
Today's shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman's original model. Perhaps that's one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937—before the coming of the shopping cart.
【1】 The underlined words “chrome-plate contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to ______.（within 3 words）
【2】 What was the purpose of Goldman's invention? （within 10 words）
_____________________________________________________________________
【3】 Why was Goldman disappointed at first? （within 10 words）
_____________________________________________________________________
【4】 Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? （within 10 words）
_____________________________________________________________________
【5】 What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons. (No more than 20 words)
_____________________________________________________________________
【答案】【1】 shopping carts
【2】 It was to make shopping easier and attract more business.
【3】 Because few customers used his carts.
Or: Because few customers would give the shopping cart a try.
Or: Because hardly any customer gave the shopping cart a try.
Or: Because hardly any customer would try the shopping cart.
【4】 Because he wanted to promote his shopping carts.
Or: To attract/persuade more customers to use/try his shopping carts.
【5】 He was a smart businessman. He invented the shopping cart and made it accepted by customers.
【解析】本文主要介绍Goldman为什么要发明购物车，他的购物手推车是怎么发明的，效果怎样，是如何受到人们的欢迎的。
【1】词义猜测题。由上句----a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推车）可以得出谈的是.购物手推车。
【2】细节理解表达。由二段的Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带） groceries和第三段可知他做购物手推车的目的。
【3】细节理解表达。由第五段But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.可知他很失望，因为很少有购物者用他的购物车。
【4】细节推理表达题。由第七段关键词---persuade people to give them a try.可知他是想说服更多的人来用他的购物车。
【5】主旨大意表达题。通读全文把握大意，本文主要介绍Goldman和他的购物手推车。
科目：高中地理 来源： 题型：
【题目】
A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components (元件),” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.
While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.”
【1】 The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that __________.
A. they had no model in their mind
B. they did not have sufficient time
C. they had no ready-made components
D. they could not assemble the components
【2】 Which of the following can be learned from the passage?
A. The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects.
B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.
C. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.
D. Wood’s design can replace animals in some experiments.
【3】Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Father of Robotic Fly/span>
B. Inspiration from Engineering Science
C. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect
D. Harvard Breaks Through in Insect Study
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【题目】____________ catch the early bus, he got up early in the morning.
A. So as to B. So that
C. In order that D. In order to
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【题目】 单句改错
1. His neighbours joined him for searching for his lost child.
2. He usually disagrees in what I say.
3. The young man and the pretty girl have fallen in love with each other for many years.
4. Mr Wang is getting along bad with his business.
5. I’m having some trouble at my brother.
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【题目】B
The rise in smartphones (智能手机) among young people may be having a direct effect on how successful they become as adults.
Research from the University of Nebraska Lincoln has discovered university students check their phones 11 times per lesson on average, and more than 80 percent believe this tech addiction is interfering with their learning.
A quarter of students across five American states also blamed poor grades in exams specifically on the fact that they used mobile devices when they should have been concentrating and revising and these grades could determine the jobs they end up going into.
Barney McCoy, an associate professor of broadcasting at the university, surveyed 777 students at six universities across five states about how they used digital devices in the classroom.
The students were from UNL, the University of Nebraska Lincoln at Omaha in Nebraska, Morningside College in Iowa, the University of North Carolina, the University of Kansas and the University of Mississippi.
Around two thirds said they used phones, tablets and laptops for ＂non-classroom purposes＂ up to ten times during a typical university day, while 15 percent admitted this figure was closer to 30 times.
Among the top reasons why 55 percent of students checked their devices so regularly were staying connected and fighting boredom. Less than half said the devices were used for classwork.
Texting was the most popular distraction (娱乐) technique at 86 percent, while 68 percent said they used their phones to check personal emails. Two thirds used social networks, 38 percent surfed the web and 8 percent admitted playing games when they should have been studying.
Despite eight out of ten students admitting their devices were distracting, fewer than five percent considered it to be a ＂very big＂ distraction.
＂I don’t think students necessarily think it’s a big problem,＂ said McCoy. ＂They think it’s part of their lives.＂
【1】The majority of the students think that using smartphones __________.
A. helps to improve their grades
B. contributes to their poor grades
C. has a bad effect on their study
D. determines their jobs in the future
【2】 How many students surveyed used digital devices for ＂non-classroom purposes＂ about 30 times during a day?
A. About 518. B. About 116.
C. About 427. D. Less than 388.
【3】 Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Barney McCoy surveyed 777 students at the university he works in.
B. A minority of the students said they used digital devices for classwork.
C. Around two thirds admitted they used digital devices because lessons were boring.
D. Barney McCoy doesn’t think students’ using digital devices is a big problem.
【4】The text is most likely to be found in a section about __________.
A. successful people B. political systems
C. science and technology D. historical events
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【题目】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Be Your Own Best Friend
Why would you want to become your own best friend? There are a number of benefits of creating your own support system from within rather than relying on your partner, friends or family to be there for you when you’re suffering. We all have it in us to give ourselves what we need, without seeking it from outside. ____1____ Here’s how to become your own best friend.
1. Be nice to yourself.
The first step in becoming a friend to yourself is to treat yourself like you would treat a friend. ____2____ Start by accepting your good qualities, talents and abilities and begin to appreciate yourself.
2. Imagine how you would support a friend in the same situation.
Think about a loved one, a friend, a family member, or someone dear to you and imagine that they are in the same situation you are facing. ____3____ Then consider how to best offer help and advice to them. Allow yourself to feel supported, and give yourself what you need.
Write down the words that you would say to your greatest friend and then say them gently to yourself.
3. ____4____
Following the theme of considering how you would help a dear friend, you need to start taking your own advice and putting your own needs first. Do you need a day off from work? ____5____
Whatever it is that you need, allow yourself to put it at the top of the list rather than the bottom. Use these methods to become your own best friend and start being there for yourself!
A. A long hot bath?
B. Honor your needs.
C. Believe in yourself.
D. Help them first and then they will help you.
E. That means that you need to stop being doubtful of yourself.
F. Think about how they’re struggling, suffering with this problem.
G. Isn’t it far better to know how to support yourself in times of need?
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【题目】书面表达
假定你是李华，你的朋友李明写信告诉你他因不善于交友而苦恼。请根据以下要点提示给他回信，提出建议。
要点：1. 友善、乐于助人；
2. 多与他人交流；
3. 多参加活动。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当发挥，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：communicate(v.)交流 activity(n.)活动
Dear Li Ming,
I’m sorry to hear that you’re feeling worried for failing to make friends. Some tips below may be helpful to you.
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_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
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科目：高中地理 来源： 题型：
【题目】七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Snow is a subject of great interest to weather experts. 1 One reason is that heavy amounts of snow fall in surprisingly small areas. Another reason is that a small change in temperature can mean the difference between snow and rain.
Just what is snow, anyway? Snow is a form of frozen water. 2 These crystals grow from water droplets in cold clouds. They usually grow around dust particles(颗粒). All snow crystals have six sides, but they grow in different shapes. The shape depends mainly on the temperature and water levels in the air.
3 About two and one-half centimeters of rain has as much water as 15 centimeters of wet snow. About 76 centimeters of dry snow equals the water in two and one-half centimeters of rain.
Snowfall helps to protect plants and some wild animals from winter weather. Fresh snow is made largely of air trapped among the snow crystals. 4
Snow can also influence the movement of sound waves. When there is fresh, soft snow on the ground, the surface of the snow absorbs, or takes in, sound waves. 5 Then, the snow’s surface will help to send back sound waves. Under these conditions, sounds may seem clearer and may travel farther.
A. Snow contains much less water than rain.
B. Much of the water the world uses comes from snow.
C. It contains groups of ice particles called snow crystals.
D. It is difficult to predict where, when or how much snow will fall.
E. Because theair has trouble moving, the movement of heat is limited.
F. Under some conditions, these particles may grow larger and form solid pieces of ice.
G. However, snow can become hard and flat as it grows older or if there have been strong winds.
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