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【题目】阅读下面材料,回答下列问题。

材料 1:近年来,随着旱季的来临,印尼苏门答腊岛、廖内群岛和加里曼丹岛经常发生森林火灾。绿色和平组织紧急调查小组发现, 该地区的相思树纸浆林和棕榈油种植园是此次森林大火的主要祸因。

材料 2: 该地区大部分的森林属于湿地森林的一种——泥煤地森林,这些湿地被改造破坏后, 泥煤地森林会变得干燥易燃。 这种湿地改造如果不停止,大规模森林火灾就无法避免。

(1)这些湿地被改造或破坏以后,泥煤地森林就会变得干燥易燃。这从一个侧面说明雨林环境的 特点,这种特征还表现在雨林生态系统生物循环旺盛,雨林生长所需的养分几乎全部储存在 内,一旦被毁,很难恢复。

(2)试分析热带雨林被破坏对全球自然环境的影响。

(3) 亚马孙热带雨林被毁的直接原因有哪些?

【答案】

1)脆弱性( 1 分); 地上植被体内( 1 分)

2)导致地球大气中的碳氧失衡,二氧化碳浓度升高,全球变暖;给全球水循环带来影响,使地面淡水总量减少;导致雨林物种灭绝的速度加快,给物种多样性带来威胁; 引发水土流失等自然生态问题。( 4 分)

3) 过度的迁移农业,以获得更多的粮食; 采矿、修路、城镇建设:为不断增长的人口和移民提供土地和就业机会; 商业性伐木:木材出口换取外汇,以偿还债务; 开辟大型农牧场:以转让土地,出口肉牛和热带经济作物获取经济收益。( 4 分)

【解析】

试题分析:

1)根据材料,雨林一旦被毁,很难恢复。说明了雨林特点是脆弱性,养分储存在地上植被体内。

2)热带雨林被破坏,会导致地球大气中的碳氧失衡,二氧化碳浓度升高,全球变暖。给全球水循环带来影响,使地面淡水总量减少。导致雨林物种灭绝的速度加快,给物种多样性带来威胁。引发水土流失等自然生态问题。

3)亚马孙热带雨林被毁的直接原因包括过度的迁移农业,以获得更多的粮食。采矿、修路、城镇建设,为不断增长的人口和移民提供土地和就业机会。商业性伐木,通过木材出口换取外汇,以偿还债务。开辟大型农牧场,以转让土地,出口肉牛和热带经济作物获取经济收益。

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