【题目】(广东省2017高三联考)阅读下面这首词,完成下列小题。
阳羡歌
贺铸
山秀芙蓉,溪明罨画。真游①洞穴沧波下。临风慨想斩蛟②灵。长桥千载犹横跨。
解组投簪,求田问舍。黄鸡白酒渔樵社。元龙③非复少时豪,耳根洗尽功名话。
【注】真游:犹仙游。阳羡有张公洞,相传汉代天师张道陵曾修行于此。②斩蛟:西晋周处,少年时凶强使气,谓为“三害”之一,后斩虎杀蛟、折节向学。③元龙:三国名士陈登的字,曾对来拜访他的求田问舍的许汜表示鄙弃之情。
【1】下列对这首词的理解和鉴赏,不正确的两项是( )
A. “芙蓉”两句是”芙蓉山秀,罨画溪明”的倒装,目的是突出阳羡境内千岩竞秀、万壑争流的美境,给人以江山如画、美不胜收的感受。
B. “真游”句写阳羡的溶洞,词人用“沧波下”三字表现“真游洞”天工造化的神奇,表达词人对阳羡的热爱和生活在阳羡的快乐之情。
C. “临风”两句咏史,通过当年斩蚊处的长桥如今依然横跨河上与名溪一时的英雄豪杰却杳无踪迹的对比,表达了词人对昔盛今衰的感伤。
D. “临风”两句表达了对周处的倾心赞誉,但更多的是感慨;从结构的角度分析是承上启下的过渡,既总结上片,又为下片描写做了铺垫。
E. 下片的“黄鸡白酒渔樵社”句与“小桥流水人家”“人迹板桥霜”“杨柳岸,晓风残月”等都用了列锦手法,即整个句子都是名词组合而成。
【2】请简要解说“元龙非复少时豪,耳根清净功名话”两句词和辛弃疾的《念奴娇登建康赏心亭,呈史留守致道》中的“儿辈功名都付与,长日惟消棋局”在表情达意上的异同。
【答案】
【1】CD
【2】①相同点:两位诗人都通过不愿意再追求功名的描写表达了诗人壮志难酬的悲愤。②不同点:贺铸的诗句使用反语,用陈登的典故说明自己没有了当年的豪气;辛弃疾的诗句用每天下棋这种看似旷达的语言表现自己虚度年华的愁苦。
【解析】
【1】C项“对昔盛今衰的感伤”无据,D项“又为下片描写”有误,应是抒怀。
【2】考查诗歌的比较阅读。主要是针对“表情达意上的异同”,要分成两部分,及相同点和不同点。比较的对象是“元龙非复少时豪,耳根清净功名话”“儿辈功名都付与,长日惟消棋局”这两句话。
“元龙非复少时豪,耳根清净功名话”,词人反用古典,写出了“元龙非复少时豪,耳根清净功名话”这貌似达观而实则悲愤的句子。词人在这里以陈元龙自比,却说“非复少时豪”,不但不反对别人的“求田问舍”,自己也“求田问舍”起来了,则不过是说反话。他慨叹自己再也没有少年时的豪气,再也不愿听功名话头。
“儿辈功名都付与,长日惟消棋局”大意是建立功名的事,让给小儿辈干吧,我只须整天下棋消磨岁月!不难看出,这里包含着词人壮志未酬、虚度年华的愁苦,同时也给予议和派以极大的讽刺。
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