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【题目】外交是智者的游戏,外交是妥协的艺术,外交更是一个国家实力强弱的晴雨表。阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一 1949年6月,毛泽东在《论人民民主专政》中说:“一边倒,是孙中山的四十年经验和共产党的二十八年经验教给我们的,深知欲达到胜利和巩固胜利,必须一边倒。”中华人民共和国成立后,毛泽东又提出:我们在国际上属于以苏联为首的反帝国主义阵线的一方面,并明确宣布“一边倒”。

材料二 在1954年关于越南问题的日内瓦会议上发生的一件事,表明周恩来对藐视中国民族尊严的的敏感程度。周代表着中国,约翰·杜勒斯美国国务卿代表着美国。杜勒斯对一个记者说,“只有在我们的汽车相撞的情况下,两人才会会晤”。一天上午,当双方都提前到了会场时,他们彼此遭遇了。杜勒斯摇摇头,走出会议室,完全藐视这位中国外交部长。到了1971年因此我走下首次抵达北京的飞机向他指周恩来走去时,就主动伸出了我的手。当我们的手握在一起了,一个时代结束了,另一个时代开始了。

——摘自尼克松1982年6月写的回忆录《领导者》

材料三 在周恩来同尼克松第一次会晤时……对尼克松说:“你刚才不是在毛主席那里已经说了么,我们握手了。杜勒斯就不敢这样做。”尼克松则说,“总理也不一定愿意同他握手。”周恩来肯定地说:“不见得,如果他愿意的话,我也会跟他握手的。”尼克松说:“那好,我们握-次手吧。”他们隔着茶几又伸出手相握,周围的人都笑了。

——摘自《谈判大师周恩来》

1材料一反映了新中国的外交政策是什么?有何历史意义?

2根据材料二、三并结合所学知识,指出 “一个时代结束了,另一个时代开始了”的主要原因,并结合所学知识分析中美关系改善产生的影响

【答案】1一边倒,打破了美国孤立、扼制中国的企图;有利于中国的经济恢复、发展和国家安全。

2原因:美国要借助中国与苏联抗衡;取得中国的帮助以结束越南战争;长期奉行的敌视中国政策的破产;70年代初中国国际地位提高。

影响:利于维护两国共同利益;利于应对各种全球性挑战;利于地区稳定和世界和平。

【解析】本题考查了新中国的外交和中美关系的改善。

第(1)问,根据“我们在国际上属于以苏联为首的反帝国主义阵线的一方面,并明确宣布‘一边倒’”

并结合所学内容可知新中国的外交政策是“一边倒”政策。根据所学知识可知,该政策有利于中国在国

际上打破美国的孤立和遏制,使中国不致处于孤立无援的地位,同时有利于中国经济的恢复和发展。

第(2)问,第一小问,根据材料二、三和所学内容可知,所谓“一个时代结束了,另一个时代开始了”

指的是中美之间敌对的关系结束,中美关系得到改善。根据所学知识可知,中美关系改善的原因首先

是符合了中美两国的国家利益,其次是处于中美两国共同对抗苏联的需要。第二小问,结合所学知识可

知,中美关系的改善不但有利于维护两国共同利益,同时也有利于两国应对全球性挑战和地区的稳定及

世界和平。

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