【题目】阅读新疆近30年来的部分地理资料,回答下列问题。
天山冰川 | 面积 | 雪线 |
约9 500多平方千米,减少22% | 年均上升2至6.5米 | |
博斯腾湖 (1986年以来) | 水位 | 面积 |
上升4米多 | 由880平方千米扩大到1 000多平方千米 | |
南疆气候 | 相对湿度 | 降水量 |
平均增加4%~10% | 平均增加20.4% |
(1)结合所学知识,简述以上变化的形成原因。
(2)以上变化对该地区的地理环境可能产生哪些影响?
【答案】
(1)全球变暖,冰川消融;造成汇入湖泊的河流径流量增加;(气温升高和湖泊面积的扩大)蒸发量增加,促进了水汽循环,导致当地湿度和降水增加。
(2)有利:降水、河流径流增多,对缓解干旱有利(或对植物生长有利)。
不利:冰川消融,将导致淡水资源的短缺(或降水、河流径流增多,容易引发洪水、泥石流等灾害)。
【解析】
试题分析:
(1)由表中数据可以看出,新疆近30年来,冰川面积减小,雪线上升;湖泊水位上升,面积增加;空气湿度增加,降水增加。主要是由于全球气候变暖,冰川消融量增加,河流径流量增加,湖泊面积扩大,蒸发量增加,促进了水汽循环,导致当地湿度和降水增加。
(2)表中数据变化对地理环境的影响可以分为利弊两方面。水量增加,可以缓解旱情,有利于农业生产;冰川消融,将导致淡水资源短缺,不利于该地区的生态可持续发展。
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