Question

【题目】Some pigs lend to be optimistic while others have a more pessimistic view, according to a new research that is meaningful to animal welfare. The study, published in the journal Biology Letters, is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal, influencing judgment.

Asher, a researcher at his University of Newcastle’s Institute of Neuroscience, and her team housed groups of pigs in the two types of environments. One reflected standard commercial conditions and the other was cushier with more space and plenty of sell, deep straw. After that, the researchers picked 18 pigs from each type of housing arrangement to train their judgment.

“To do this, we trained each pig there would be a bowl with chocolate sweets — specifically M&Ms, pigs love M&Ms — and in a bowl at the opposite side of the room there would be a bowl that would contain coffee beans, which pigs find bitter-tasting,” senior author Lisa Collins said.

Over number of training trials, pigs learned to go to the bowl reliably when it was in the corner where they had figured out to expect M&Ms. On the contrary, they quickly learned to avoid the bowl when it wasn’t in the comer where they would expect to find the coffee beans.

The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations, to see how the pigs would react. Some gaily dashed to the bowl no matter what, exhibiting optimism that it would contain their favorite seeds. Others, however, behaved as though they expected it to contain coffee beans, displaying pessimism.

The findings suggest that a one — size- fits - all answer to animal welfare issues does not exist. Student have suggested that how an animal is trended during his lifetime can directly affect meal quality and taste.

【1】What was the study devoted to figuring out?

A. The influence of pigs’ living environment.

B. The influence between humans and pigs.

C. The differences of two types of pigs’ personality.

D. The relationship between pigs’ mood and judgment.

【2】What does the underlined word “cushier” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A. Simple. B. More comfortable.

C. Non-profitable. D. Less free.

【3】Which bowl can test whether a pig is optimistic or pessimistic?

A. The bowl with chocolate sweets.

B. The bowl containing coffee beans.

C. The bowl full of both sweets and beans.

D. The bowl unfamiliar to two types of pigs.

【4】What do the findings of the new research imply?

A. People should treat pigs equally.

B. People’s health relies on meat quality.

C. People should meet pigs’ various needs.

D. People’s attitude toward pigs is totally wrong.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】B

【3】D

【4】C

【解析】

本文目的是为了弄明白 “猪的情绪与判断的关系”。新研究表明人们应该满足猪的各种需要。

【1】D推理判断题。根据第一段第二句The study, published in the journal Biology Letters, is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal, influencing judgment.可知研究的目的是为了弄明白“猪的情绪与判断的关系”。故选D。

【2】B词义猜测题。根据第二段中the other was cushier with more space and plenty of sell另一种是更舒适的空间和充足的销售点，可知划线单词的意思是“舒适的”，故选B。

【3】D细节理解题。根据第五段The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations , to see how the pigs would react. Some gaily dashed to the bowl no matter what, exhibiting optimism that it would contain their favorite seeds. Others, however, behaved as though they expected it to contain coffee beans, displaying pessimism.可知对两种猪不熟悉的碗能测试出猪是乐观还是悲观。故选D。

【4】C推理判断题。根据最后一段可知, 新研究表明人们应该满足猪的各种需要。故选C。