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Their cheery song brightens many a winter's day. But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing all nightÒ»as well as during the day, British-based researchers say.

David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.

Dr Dominoni, who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could put the birds¡¯ health at risk. His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day. And the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night.

He told people at a conference, "There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy."

And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. Dr Dominoni said, "In Glasgow where I live, gulls are a serious problem. I have people coming to me saying `You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill these gulls?'.During the breeding(·±Ö³)season, between April and June, they are very active at night and very noisy and people can't sleep."

Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution, other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise.

However, some birds thrive(ÐËÍú)in noisy environments. A study from California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery. It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(ÌìµÐ)fleeing to quieter areas.

¡¾1¡¿According to Dr Dominoni's study, what cause robins to sing so much?

A. The breeding season.

B. The light in modern life

C. The dangerous environment.

D. The noise from heavy machinery.

¡¾2¡¿What is the researchers' concern over the increase of birds' song output?

A. The environment might be polluted.

B. The birds' health might be damaged.

C. The industry cost might be increased.

D. The people's hearing might be affected.

¡¾3¡¿What does the underlined word "nocturnal" in Paragraph 5 mean?

A. Active at night. B. Inactive at night.

C. Active during the day. D. Inactive during the day.

¡¾4¡¿Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments?

A. Because there are fewer dangers.

B. Because there is more food to eat.

C. Because there is less light pollution

D. Because there are more places to take shelter.

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At this store, a ____ like this is not normal. My 10-year-old noticed him and make a ______ on how bad it must be to have to stand _______ in the cold wind.

In the store, I asked each of my kids to _____ something they thought our ¡°friend¡± there would ______. They got apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice. Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a _______. I thought about it. We were _____ on cash ourselves, but¡­ well, sometimes _____ from our need instead of our abundance is _____ what we need to do! All the kids ______ something they could do away with for the week.

When we handed him the bag of ____, he lit up and thanked us with _____ eyes. When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for ______his family might need, he burst into tears.

This has been a wonderful ___ _ for our family. For days the kids have been looking for others we can _____! Things would have played out so ______ if I had simply said, ¡°No, we really don¡¯t have ______ to give more.¡± Stepping out not only helped a brother in _____, it also gave my kids the ______ taste of helping others. It¡¯ll go a long way with them.

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¡¾3¡¿A. suggestion B. comment C. decision D. call

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¡¾5¡¿A. draw B. say C. arrange D. pick

¡¾6¡¿A. order B. supply C. appreciate D. discover

¡¾7¡¿A. dollar B. job C. hot meal D. gift card

¡¾8¡¿A. easy B. low C. soft D. loose

¡¾9¡¿A. giving B. saving C. spending D. begging

¡¾10¡¿A. yet B. even C. still D. just

¡¾11¡¿A. declared B. shared C. ignored D. expected

¡¾12¡¿A. toys B. medicine C. food D. clothes

¡¾13¡¿A. sleepy B. watery C. curious D. sharp

¡¾14¡¿A. whoever B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever

¡¾15¡¿A. experience B. example C. message D. adventure

¡¾16¡¿A. rely on B. respect C. learn from D. help

¡¾17¡¿A. suddenly B. vividly C. differently D. perfectly

¡¾18¡¿A. time B. power C. patience D. money

¡¾19¡¿A. fear B. love C. need D. memory

¡¾20¡¿A. strong B. sweet C. strange D. simple

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Volunteers Wanted

Our annual English Festival, which will be held on June 15-17, 2015, is now looking for 20 student volunteers to provide service for Talent Show, Speech Contest, and English Debate. If you are interested, please send an application email at your earliest convenience to Ms.Chen at chenlaoshi@aef.com.

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Dear MS Chen ,

I¡¯mLi Hua, a student from Class2, Grade 3. ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Looking forward to your reply.

Yours truly,

Li Hua

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