【题目】阅读下面这首宋词,完成下列各题。
阮郎归.绍兴乙卯大雪行鄱阳道中①
向子諲②
江南江北雪漫漫,遥知易水寒。同③云深处望三关,断肠山又山。
天可老,海能翻,消除此恨难。频闻遣使问平安,几时鸾辂还?
【注】①公元1127年“靖康之变”,宋徽宗、宋钦宗二帝被金兵掳去,中原丧失,至今已近十年。②向子諲:南宋初年主战派大臣之一。③同:通“彤”。
【1】下列对本词的理解与赏析,不正确的两项是
A.上片前两句写景,有实有虚,前一句写大江南北风雪迷漫,这是词人路上所见眼前之景,是实写;“易水寒”为词人想象北方之景,是虚写。
B.上片后两句写远望中原的情形。词人在阴云密布的天空下遥望“三关”,只见群山连绵不断,可是见不到国都汴京和中原父老,令人肝肠寸断。
C.下片前三句运用反衬的手法。“消除此恨难”的“难”字,与前面的“可”字“能”字对应,天老、海翻之可能,倍加反衬出消除此恨之不可能。
D.“鸾辂”本指帝王所乘的车驾,这里借喻被金人掳到异域的徽、钦二帝,词人多次听说朝廷派遣使者问候他们,只是不知二帝何时归来。
E.这首词在写法上以乐景写哀情,通过对景物深入细致地刻画,委婉地传达出了词人心中不便明言的情感,情景交融,取得了感人至深的效果。
【2】这首词表达了词人怎样的思想感情?请简要分析。
【答案】
【1】DE
【2】①思念故国。“三关”曾是宋朝国土,如今沦于敌手,诗人遥望“三关”,断肠之情油然而生。②不忘国耻。靖康之变,二帝被俘,国土沦陷,诗人心中此恨难消。③渴望收复失地(迎回徽、钦二帝)。“几时鸾辂还”,传达出诗人对故君的思念,其中亦有收复失地的渴盼。
【解析】
【1】D项是借代而非借喻;E项“以乐景写哀情”错。)(选对一项得2分,选对两项得5分;多选不给分。
【2】全词极写二帝被掳不还的悲怀,但终篇也并无一语道破,语言委婉工致,正不失词体本色。这首词伤悼徽钦二帝的被掳,实际上是融家国之悲为一体(词人是神宗皇后的再从侄)。徽钦二帝,都是亡国的昏君,原本无可痛恨。但在“国、君一体”(《春秋公羊传》庄公四年)的时代,二帝的蒙难在当时的人们看来实与祖国山河的破碎、北宋文明的毁弃为一事。答题时注意分清楚思想感情、具体分析分,意思对即可。
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