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    【题目】自然界有一种“雷雨发庄稼”的现象，即在雷雨过后，植物生长得更好。下面一段短文就是叙述雷雨中发生的一系列化学变化过程：

    ①空气中的N2在放电条件下与O2直接化合生成无色且不溶于水的一氧化氮气体；

    ②一氧化氮的密度比空气略大，不稳定，常温下就易与空气中的O2反应生成红棕色的二氧化氮气体；

    ③二氧化氮气体有毒，易与水反应生成硝酸(HNO3)和一氧化氮；

    ④生成的硝酸随雨水洒到大地上，同土壤中的矿物质相互作用，生成可溶于水的硝酸盐。

    请填写下列空白：

    (1)上述短文中，描述二氧化氮化学性质的是________(填序号)。

    (2)实验室制取一氧化氮时，下列收集方法不适宜的是________。

    A．向上排空气法

    B．向下排空气法

    C．排水收集法

    (3)写出二氧化氮与水反应的化学反应方程式：____________________________________，其中氮元素的化合价在此反应中发生的变化是________。

    A．不变 B．仅升高

    C．仅降低 D．既有升高又有降低

    (4)“雷雨发庄稼”，植物生长得更好的原因是__________。

    A．生成的一氧化氮可以作为氮肥

    B．生成的二氧化氮可以作为氮肥

    C．生成的硝酸盐可以作为氮肥

    【答案】(1)③

    (2)AB

    (3)3NO2+H2O===2HNO3+NO D

    (4)C

    【解析】(1)由③叙述可知是二氧化氮的化学性质，即与水发生反应。

    (2)由②和③叙述可知一氧化氮密度比空气略大，不溶于水，易与O2反应，制取时采用的收集方法是排水法，不应采用排空气法。

    (3)由③叙述结合元素守恒和得失电子守恒可得方程式为3NO2+H2O===2HNO3+NO，可发现此反应为歧化反应，氮元素的化合价既有升高又有降低。

    (4)由④叙述可知硝酸盐为可溶性盐可被植物吸收，是植物生长更好的原因。

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