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【题目】电离能是指由气态原子或气态离子失去电子需要的能量。从中性原子中移去第一个电子所需要的能量为第一电离能(I1),移去第二个电子所需要的能量为第二电离能(I2),依此类推。现有5种元素A、B、C、D、E,其中有三种金属元素,一种稀有气体元素,其I1~I3分别如下表。

元素

I1/eV

I2/eV

I3/eV

A

13.0

23.9

40.0

B

4.3

31.9

47.8

C

5.7

47.4

71.8

D

7.7

15.1

80.3

E

21.6

41.1

65.2

根据表中数据判断其中的金属元素有 ,稀有气体元素有 ,最活泼的金属元素是 ,显二价的金属元素是

【答案】BCD E B D

【解析】电离能是指由气态原子或气态离子失去电子需要的能量。电离能越小,说明该原子易失去电子,金属性越强;电离能越大,说明该原子不易失去电子,非金属性越强。表中B、C、D三种元素的第一电离能相对比较小,应该属于金属元素; E元素的第一电离能最大,应该属于稀有气体元素;B元素的第一电离能最小,应该是所列的元素中最活泼的金属元素;D元素第二电离能与第三电离能相差很大,说明D元素的原子很容易失去2个电子,应该是显二价的金属元素。

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