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【题目】阅读下面一首宋词,然后回答问题。

八声甘州

对潇潇暮雨洒江天,一番洗清秋。渐霜风凄紧,关河冷落,残照当楼。是处红衰翠减,苒苒物华休。惟有长江水,无语东流。

不忍登高临远,望故乡渺邈,归思难收。叹年来踪迹,何事苦淹留?想佳人妆楼颙望,误几回、天际识归舟。争知我,倚阑干处,正恁凝愁!

【1】这首词起笔不凡,写了什么内容?请简要分析。

2渐霜风凄紧中的字在这首词中有何作用?请具体分析。

3永是较早把游子羁旅情怀纳入词中的人。这首词的主题是游子思归。陈廷焯称此词为古今杰构,是耆卿集中仅见之作(《词则·大雅集》);王国维更以此词与苏轼的《水调歌头》媲美,认为此二作皆格高千古,不能以常调论也。请谈谈你的理解。

【答案】

【1】这首词起笔不凡,开头两句写雨后江天,澄澈如洗。一个字,已写出登临纵目、望极天涯的境界。当时,天色已晚,暮雨潇潇,洒遍江天,千里无垠。其中字、字和字,三个上声,循声高诵,定觉素秋清爽,无与伦比。

【2】在首词中起承上启下的作用,领起下文。字承上句而言,当此清秋复经雨涤,于是时光景物遂又生一番变化。这样词人用一字,神态毕备。秋已更深,雨洗暮空,乃觉凉风忽至,其气凄然而遒劲。

3这首词的主题是游子思归,章法结构细密,融写景。抒情为一体,以铺叙见长。词中思乡怀人之思绪展现得淋漓尽致。而白描手法,再加上通俗的语言,将这复杂的思绪表达得明白如话。柳词本以柔婉见长,此词却以沉雄之魄、清劲之气写奇丽之情,将志士悲慨与儿女柔情结合,体现刚柔相济的艺术美。”“”“”“”“等单字用于开篇与转折处,骨节灵通,强而有力,如点睛之龙破壁而飞。由此可知柳永的《八声甘州》为何会受到如此之高的评价。

【解析】

【1】主要考查对诗词内容大意的概括。

注意题干中的要求是这首词起笔,圈定了内容,即诗词的前两句的大意。

【2】考查对诗词中关键字的理解。解答这道题目的时候,从结构和内容两方面来回答。

3鉴赏文学作品的形象、语言和表达技巧。能力层级为鉴赏评价D。

解答此类题目,重点是读懂诗句大意,然后理解诗词的主旨:这首词的主题是游子思归。抓住诗词的主旨,再结合题干中的古今杰构”“格高千古,不能以常调论也,从本诗词的高格调来阐发。

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