【题目】阅读材料,回答问题。
材料 农民在乡里造反,搅动了绅士们的酣梦……我初到长沙时,会到各方面的人,听到许多的街谈巷议。从中层以上社会至国民党右派,无不一言以蔽之曰:“糟得很。”……“糟得很”,明明是站在地主利益方面打击农民起来的理论,明明是地主阶级企图保存封建旧秩序,阻碍建设民主新秩序的理论……一切革命同志须知:国民革命需要一个大的农村变动。辛亥革命没有这个变动……现在有了这个变动,乃是革命完成的重要因素。
——《毛泽东选集》第一卷
材料出自毛泽东哪篇文章?毛泽东批判了哪种错误态度?他对农民运动是如何认识的?
科目:高中地理 来源: 题型:
【题目】阅读下列材料,回答问题。
材料一 黄宗羲认为古代君主“不以一己之利为利,而使天下受其利,不以一己之害为害,而使天下释其害”。但自秦以后,君反客为主,“视天下人民为人君囊中之私物。”“以我之大私为天下之大公”,“视天下为莫大之产业,传之子孙,受享无穷”。“然则为天下之大害者,君而已矣。”君臣关系应该以“天下万民为事”。“故我之出而仕也,为天下,非为君也。为万民,非为一姓也。”封建法制是“一家之法而非天下之法也”,都出于君主一人一姓的“利欲之私”,“何曾有一毫为天下之心哉”!
——《明夷待访录》
材料二 在卢梭看来,“社会秩序乃是为其他一切权利提供了基础的一项神圣的权利,然而这项权利决不是出于自然,而是建立在约定之上的”。“纵然个别意志与公意在某些点上互相一致并不是不可能的,然而至少这种一致若要经常而持久却是不可能的;因为个别意志由于它的本性就总是倾向于偏私,而公意则总是倾向于平等”。“如果人民单纯是唯唯诺诺地服从,那么,人民本身就会由于这一行为而解体,就会丧失其人民的品质;只要一旦出现一个主人,就立刻不再有主权者了,并且政治体也从此就告毁灭。”
——《卢梭政治思想述评》
(1)据材料一,概括黄宗羲的主张,并结合所学知识,分析其产生的原因。
(2)据材料二,概括卢梭的观点,并分析卢梭与黄宗羲主张的根本不同。
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【题目】2018年2月16日是农历春节,春节就是农历一月初一。一月古时本来又叫“政月”,到了秦朝为了避皇帝嬴政的讳,就把“政月”改为“正月”,“正”字的读音也为“征”了。这说明皇帝制度的主要特征是
A.中央集权 B.神权与王权相结合
C.独断性和随意性 D.皇权至上,皇帝独尊
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【题目】Yesterday we went to the library to do some reading, only to find that it ______.
A.had closed B.had been closed
C.will close D.will be closed
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【题目】阅读下列材料,回答问题。
材料一 古有儒、释、道三教,自明以来,又多一教,曰小说。小说演义之书,未尝自以为教也,而士大夫、农、工、商、贾无不习闻之。以至儿童、妇女不识字者亦皆闻而如见之。是其教较之儒、释、道而更广也。释道犹劝人以善,小说专导人以恶。……世人习而不察,辄怪乎刑狱之日繁,盗贼之日炽,岂知小说之于人心风俗者,已非一朝一夕之故也。
——(清)钱大昕(1728—1804)著《潜研堂文集》卷十七《正俗》
(1)概括材料一中关于明清小说的观点,并结合所学知识分析明清小说兴盛的原因。
材料二 其实,那个时候的中国,天下滔滔,多的是泥古而顽梗的士人,在封建主义充斥的天地里,欲破启锢闭,引入若干资本主义文化,除了“中体西用”还不可能提出另一种更好的宗旨。如果没有“中体”作为前提,“西用”无所依托,它在中国是进不了门、落不了户的。
——陈旭麓《近代中国社会的新陈代谢》
(2)概括材料二中作者对“中体西用”的评价。结合材料和所学知识说明“中体西用”的实践所产生的积极影响。
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【题目】1800年,美国总统、联邦党人亚当斯要求政见不同的内阁成员皮克林辞职,遭到皮克林拒绝,于是亚当斯将其免职。皮克林因此成为美国历史上第一位被总统免职的内阁成员。亚当斯此举
A.加强了联邦政府的行政权力 B.体现了总统与内阁之间权限不明
C.行使了宪法赋予总统的职权 D.反映了联邦党与其他党派的斗争
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【题目】数学史专家钱宝琮(1892—1974)深入研究《九章算术》后,认为《九章算术》的编纂者对待数学的态度是:“掌握数学知识的人应该满足于能够解答生活实践中提出的应用问题,数学的理论虽属可知,但很难全部搞清楚,学者应该有适可而止的态度。”对此,下列理解正确的是
A.钱宝琮认为科研应该适可而止
B.数学知识很难适用于生活实践
C.《九章算术》的实用性相对有限
D.中国古代科学缺乏理论性深究
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【题目】D
In this season for thanks and giving, even the most thoughtful children may not offer much gratitude for what they receive. And you’d be wise not to expect it. All the research I’ve done has convinced me that it’s not going to happen.
As parents, we don’t consider our holiday gifts an “exchange relationship” since we know the time, money, and effort we put in to buy them. But kids have a different view. One mom told me that when she asked her 16-year-old son to thank her for buying him a cellphone, he said, “But that’s what moms should do, isn’t it?”
From a teenager’s view, it’s a parent’s responsibility to take care of the family, and playing Santa is part of the job. According to Yarrow Dunham, Yale’s assistant professor of Psychology, “When teenagers code it that way, a gift is no longer something given freely and voluntarily — it’s just mom and dad’s living up to their obligation.”
Kids can’t know how blessed they are unless they have a basis for comparison. We need to give our children the gift of a wider world view. Take them to a soup kitchen instead of to the mall. Become the secret Santa for a needy family. Show by example that gratitude isn’t about stuff — which ultimately can’t make any of us happy anyway. It’s about realizing how lucky you are.
Set up a family ritual at bedtime where kids describe three things that made them grateful. When kids go off to college, you can text them a picture of something that inspires your appreciation each week. Whether it’s a friend, a snowflake, or a sunset, the spirit of the photos will help you and them see the world differently.
Teaching children to focus on the positive and appreciate the goodness in their lives is perhaps the greatest gift we can give them. And we can all learn together that the things that really matter aren’t on sale at a department store.
【1】Children express no thanks for gifts because _______.
A. they regard them as an “exchange relationship”
B. they think badly of the gifts
C. children are not as considerate as adults
D. gifts are not what they expect
【2】Parents should make the kids know how blessed they are by _______.
A. buying them a cellphone
B. becoming the secret Santa for a needy family
C. taking them to a soap factory instead of to the mall
D. texting them a picture of something that inspires your appreciation each week
【3】To make children grateful for what they have, parents should _______.
A. set an example to children
B. teach them not to care about gifts
C. ask children to cook themselves
D. describe things they are grateful for
【4】As far as the author is concerned, no gifts are greater than _______.
A. helping kids see the world differently
B. learning together things that matter
C. teaching kids to think positively
D. making kids realize they are lucky
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