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【题目】下图为“某地区地质构造图”。读图回答下列问题。

(1)判断图中F3 F4的地质构造并说明理由。

(2)该地区的主要地形是________。F1F2、F3F4形成之前,该地区是一个完整的________构造。

(3)①分析图中河流的成因。该河流沿途居民点很少或居民点规模很小,主要原因是什么?

(4)从地质构造条件考虑,该地区是良好的________构造。

【答案】(1)断层。 F3F4两侧的同一岩层发生断裂位移。

(2)山谷 向斜

(3)岩层断裂后遭受侵蚀而成。 该河沿线多急流瀑布,不利于航运;沿断层发育的河流,其河水沿断层面流失,导致其水量小,地表水资源不足。

(4)储水

【解析】本题组以地层和等高线图为载体,考查地质构造的判读、形成原因及其运用,主要考查考生获取和解读地理信息、论证和探讨地理问题的能力。

(1)读图可知,F3F4一线两侧地层不连续说明岩层发生了位移其地质构造为断层

(2)根据等高线图,该地区等高线凸向高值,其地貌类型为山谷。在断层形成之前,根据该地区岩层的新老关系,中间岩层新、两侧岩层老,其地质构造为向斜。

(3)河流位于断层地带,其成因应为岩层断裂后再遭受外力作用而成。该河流沿线居民点少或者小的原因,分析该地区断层和等高线特点对航运和水源的不利影响。

(4)根据第(2)题该地区为向斜,属于良好的储水构造。

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