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    【题目】下列关于生物进化论创立背景的叙述，正确的是

    ①文艺复兴前后崇尚理性之风盛行 ②资产阶级革命和工业革命相继发生 ③科学技术进步，生物学知识日趋丰富 ④17、18世纪人类视野不断拓宽，思想文化更加开放

    A．②③④ B．①②④ C．①②③④ D．①②③

    【答案】A

    【解析】1859年，达尔文发表《物种起源》一书，创立了进化论。进化论创立的背景应结合时间信息“1859年”来分析。19世纪中期，资本主义经济飞速发展，也推动了资产阶级改革和革命的发展。资本主义发展需要更多的科技知识，以冲破封建思想束缚、提高社会生产力。在这种背景下，进化论创立。由此可知，②③④正确。文艺复兴之前西欧处于中世纪，理性之风尚未出现，所以①不是背景。故本题应选A项，不选BCD三项。

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