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【题目】【地理选修6——环境保护】阅读材料,完成下列要求。

长江江豚被称为“水中国宝”,是世界罕有的淡水鲸类,分布在长江中下游干流及洞庭湖和鄱阳湖等区域,距今已生存了2500万年,被誉为“长江精灵”,无天敌,以鱼和虾类为食,由于沿岸过度的经济活动,导致近20年来长江江豚数量急剧减少,目前总量不到百条;专家估计,人类若不不采取有效保护措施,长江江豚可能在15年后绝迹。

(1)分析导致江豚数量急剧减少的原因。

(2)简述应采取哪些措施有效保护长江江豚。

【答案】1沿江水利及工程建设,破坏江豚栖息地;密集的航运,威胁江豚生命;过度捕捞,导致江豚食物匮乏;水污染严重,水质恶化。(答出3点即可)

2建立江豚自然保护区; 在长江流域实施休渔或禁渔; 加强立法以保护江豚;强化管理,严禁滥捕滥杀; 加强水质监测,防治水污染;加强保护江豚的宣传教育。(答出4点即可)

【解析】试题分析:

1)江豚数量急剧减少的原因从长江沿岸的人类活动危及其生存条件去分析。江豚数量急剧减少,可能是沿江水利及工程建设,破坏江豚栖息地;长江密集的航运,威胁江豚生命;可能是过度捕捞,导致江豚食物匮乏;水污染严重,水质恶化,也是导致江豚数量急剧减少的重要因素。

2)保护长江江豚采取的措施联系江豚数量急剧减少的原因去分析,从保护分析,保护江豚,应建立江豚自然保护区,在长江流域实施休渔或禁渔,加强保护江豚的宣传教育;从管理去分析,加强立法以保护江豚,强化管理,严禁滥捕滥杀;从监测去分析,加强水质监测,防治水污染。

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