【题目】阅读下面的文字,完成文后各题。
李杜诗歌创作与从政关系之初论
①李白杜甫一生从政时间并不长,但被朝廷和地方藩府征聘任用却不止一次,断断续续分布于他们一生好几个时期。两人生活经历受此左右,成为一个起伏不定的过程。考察政治对于两位大诗人思想创作的正面推动和影响,有助于认识中国古代诗歌创作与政治的关系。
②中国诗歌的传统是“言志”。魏晋以后有“缘情”说出现,但士大夫仍一致认为情必须是高尚的情。因而缘情在很大程度上只能看作言志的补充,即所言之志必须是情感的真实流露。情志合一,它的最高层次必然与政治相通。这样,对中国诗歌而言,政治之渗入与否,跟诗歌是否达到高层次常相联系。就诗人而言,古代诗人注定是在封建政治格局下生活,因而经常由封建政治赋予他们以理想与热情,构成他们与时代与社会现实生活的密切联系,诗歌所呈现的气象、风貌,也都与他们的政治介入有关。当士大夫自觉地承担起某种社会责任的时候,他的精神往往也相应地崇高起来。中国古代诗人可以不是政治家,但对政治必须有一种向心力,必须在政治方面有必要的体验和适度的介入。
③政治本身当然应该有它的积极内容。诗人当然也应该有良好的主观条件,鄙吝的人无论政治给他以怎样的拨动,也不可能有伟大的创作。但问题在于人的情志不可能恒定在一种状态下没有变化,即使是有高尚志趣的人,也不免会有松懈的时候。同样是杜甫,他可以高唱“盖棺事则已,此志常觊豁”;也可以低吟“浅把涓涓酒,深凭送此生”。在不同时期,心情和志趣显然是有变化的。李杜一生追求,经历了漫长的历程。在长途中就像一辆运行的机车,需要有动力补充。如何使李杜的用世之心,在关键时刻得到维系和加强,始终不倦地追求,执着地面对现实,仍然需要靠政治的强大摄动力,这在李杜的后期生活中表现得很明显。
④从诗人与社会的横向联系看,封建社会毕竟与资本主义社会不同。在中国封建时代尤其是它的前期,士大夫如果不卷入政治,一般就只有归向山林田园。穷乡僻壤的封闭,小生产者的狭窄天地,对他们的视野与情感,构成严重的限制和束缚,使他们与外部疏离,难得从时代生活中汲取创作的动力。甚至连诗歌创作,在死水一样的生活中也会变成多余。所以中国古代诗人如果真正回归农村,杜门不出,创作上多数总是归于沉寂。有人对李杜离开朝廷后仍与各方面官员交游有微辞,似乎毕竟未能免俗,其实这种交游正是与外界保持联系的重要途径。否则就只有陷入闭目塞听、彻底缄默的境地。总之,如李杜之所作,笔力雄壮,气象浑厚,具有强烈的时代气息、丰富的社会内容、深刻的人生体验,乃至达到堪称通乎天地万物、包含古今的程度,它是绝不可能指望产生于一般的甚至封闭的环境之中。其酝酿和创作,非有一种巨大的政治背景,并连同诗人自身都被适当地卷入不可。
(选自余恕诚《唐诗风貌》,有删改)
【1】下列关于中国诗歌传统中情、志的理解,不符合原文意思的一项是(3分)( )
A.言志是中国诗歌的传统,时间上要早于魏晋以后出现的“缘情”说。
B.缘情很大程度上是对言志的补充,所言之志必须是情感的真实流露。
C.情、志在士大夫看来,前者是诗人的自觉,后者则由封建政治赋予。
D.情志合一有层次之分,政治渗入与诗歌达到高层次有着密切的关联。
【2】下列对原文思路的分析,不正确的一项是(3分)( )
A.①段引领全文。首先概括李白杜甫一生的从政特点,点明两人生活经历受政治影响,从而交代本文的写作意图。
B.②段从中国诗歌的传统谈起,强调政治生活关联着诗歌气象风貌的呈现以及诗人精神气魄、高度责任感的形成。
C.③段先指出伟大的创作所必需的主观条件,接着以李杜为例,阐释了政治的强大摄动力对诗人创作的积极作用。
D.④段将诗人和社会横向对比,指出封闭的环境会限制诗人的才思,肯定了李杜与官员的交游,自然地收结全文。
【3】下列对原文观点的概括,正确的一项是(3分)( )
A.中国古代诗人可以不是政治家,但必须对政治有一种向心力,适度介入政治、体验政治,自觉承担起某种社会责任。
B.诗人都不可能使其情志恒定在一种状态下,但却可以在积极政治的推动下维系并加强其用世之心,执着地面对现实。
C.在中国封建时代尤其是它的前期,士大夫如果不卷入政治,一般就只有归向于山林田园,其结果就是创作归于沉寂。
D.李白杜甫在离开朝廷后,都与各方面的官员保持联系,其用意就在于依靠官府信息,酝酿和创作伟大而丰富的作品。
科目:高中地理 来源: 题型:
【题目】依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句,衔接最恰当的一项是( )(3分)
清人项鸿祚说:“不为无益之事,何以遣有涯之生。”这似乎是有意要对庄子所说“吾生也有涯,而知也无涯。以有涯随无涯,殆已”唱一点反调,_________:__________,________;_________,________。在我迄今为止的“有涯之生”里,所干的“无益之事”只是读书;东翻西看了些年以后,我想定我这一辈子至少也要仔仔细细地读一本书。应该是那样的一本书,它由得我不计光阴地反复体味,而其价值或魅力不在这一过程中有所减损,也就是说,这件“无益之事”真的能够成为我“有涯之生”的对应物;我选定的是《庄子》。
①不过一个是从生命的终点往回看
②如果不做这些事情则一生根本无法度过
③觉得所做过的事情都是没有意义的
④而在我看来他们说的原本是一回事
⑤一个是从生命的起点往前看
A ①⑤③②④ B ①②⑤③④
C ④①③⑤② D ④⑤①②③
查看答案和解析>>
科目:高中地理 来源: 题型:
【题目】
My mind had several plans, and one ________ seemed good and practical.
A. in general
B. in common
C. in particular
D. in total
查看答案和解析>>
科目:高中地理 来源: 题型:
【题目】下面是某校校庆前夕,四位校友发给联络办老师的短信,其中语言表达得体的一项是( )
A.获悉母校华诞,甚喜,届时定拨冗出席庆典,特此通知。
B.因事务繁忙,恐难以按时光临母校参与庆典,深表歉意。
C.因身体欠安,但一定准时前往母校列席庆典,谨此奉告。
D.因航班取消,故不能及时赶到母校参加庆典,敬请谅解。
查看答案和解析>>
科目:高中地理 来源: 题型:
【题目】下列交际用语使用得体的一项是(3分)
A.请柬:新居落成,我明天搬迁,为答谢您的祝贺,特于府上备下薄酒,恭请光临。
B.书信:毕业之后,学生垂念师恩。值此春节到来之际,谨祝恩师节日快乐,万事如意!
C.询问:家严大人今年高寿?多年不见,甚为牵挂,过两天我一定登门看望。
D.介绍信:兹介绍我校张敏同学前往贵公司参加社会实践,请予接洽为荷。
查看答案和解析>>
科目:高中地理 来源: 题型:
【题目】I stood in the living room doorway, extremely surprised. I found my grandmother was dancing.
Her body bent beautifully, her arms were raised high, and her legs obeyed her . As long as I could remember, her legs were when she walked, and she was always (3) by a walking stick. Grandma was once a star of the dancing world. And then she had a(n) and all was over. I had read that in a(n) newspaper.
I asked,"Have your legs got well,Grandma?" What she answered me a second time—her legs had been well all her life and she had all these years. I asked about the . Grandmother told me the following .
She and my grandfather were to get married when my grandfather had to go to war. It was the most time of her life after he left. She was so of losing him. The only way she could stop herself from getting mad was to dance. She put all her energy and time into —and she became very good and famous. But one day she received a from my grandpa, saying he had lost one leg in a battle (战斗)and asking her to him.
After reading the words, she made a(n) . She traveled away from the city. When she returned, she told the reporters she had been in an accident in another city and that her legs would never recover to allow her to dance. No one (17 ) the story—she had learned to walk a person with broken legs. Then she went to see my grandfather, who, of course, decided to stand up again to her.
"I was sure I would lose him if I continued dancing, so I chose love. You see, your grandpa has never made me regret my ," grandma smiled.
【1】 A. slowly B. firmly C. suddenly D. perfectly
【2】A. long B. stiff C. smart D. soft
【3】 A. supported B. followed C. protected D. driven
【4】 A. baby B. operation C. accident D. cold
【5】 A. modem B. foreign C. old D. small
【6】A. shocked B. puzzled C. disappointed D. comforted
【7】 A. prepared B. pretended C. waited D. hoped
【8】 A. excuse B. result C. detail D. reason
【9】 A. tip B. advice C. article D. story
【10】A. terrible B. cheerful C. interesting D. common
【11】 A. proud B. confident C. afraid D. sure
【12】 A. singing B. talking C. dancing D. walking
【13】A. book B. letter C. newspaper D. magazine
【14】A. forget B. help C. follow D. change
【15】A. mistake B. apology C. effort D. decision
【16】A. finally B. completely C. exactly D. luckily
【17】A. doubted B. knew C. believed D. told
【18】A. beyond B. with C. like D. unlike
【19】A. catch sight of B. take advantage of
C. take hold of D. take care of
【20】 education B. ability C. choice D. fame
查看答案和解析>>
科目:高中地理 来源: 题型:
【题目】—Try not to work yourself too hard. Take it easy.
—Thanks. _____
A. So what?
B. No way.
C. What for?
D. You too.
查看答案和解析>>
科目:高中地理 来源: 题型:
【题目】 Harvard researchers have created a tough, low-cost, biodegradable(可生物降解的)material inspired by insects’ hard outer shells. The material’s inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic. The material, made from shrimp(虾)shells and proteins produced from silk, is called “shrilk”. It is thin, clean, flexible and strong.
A major benefit of the material is its biodegradability. Plastic’s toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in materials science during the 1950s and 1960s. Decades later, however, plastic’s very durability(耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one-time products such as plastic bags, or short-lived consumer goods, used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries. What is the point of making something that lasts 1,000 years?
Shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill, but its basic components are used as fertilizer(肥料), and so will enrich the soil.
Shrilk has great potential, the inventors said. Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plants. That makes shrilk low-cost, and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material.
Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab. The invertors said the material becomes flexible when wet, so they’re also developing simpler production processes, which could be used for non-medical products, like for computer cases and other products inside the home. They’re even exploring combining it with other materials, like carbon fibers, to give it new properties.
【1】Paragraph 1 of the passage is mainly about shrilk’s _____.
remarkable design
interesting name
major features
basic elements
【2】What has become a concern about plastic?
Using it properly.
Producing it cheaply.
Developing its properties quickly.
Evaluating its contributions fairly.
【3】According to the inventors, shrilk has great potential partly because _____.
it can help plastic degrade
it can be found in living things
its mass production has been realized
its raw materials are abundant in nature
【4】What are the inventors doing in the lab?
Replacing carbon fibers with shrilk.
Testing shrilk’s use in wet conditions.
Making shrilk out of used household goods.
Improving shrilk’s flexibility for medical purposes.
【5】Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
Recent Progress in Environmental Protection
Benefits of Insects in Scientific Research
The Harm of One-time Products
A Possible Alternative to Plastic
查看答案和解析>>
科目:高中地理 来源: 题型:
【题目】阅读下面的文言文,完成4—7题。
沈有容,字士弘,宣城人。幼走马击剑,好兵略。举万历七年武乡试。蓟辽总督梁梦龙见而异之,用为昌平千总。复受知总督张佳胤,调蓟镇东路,辖南兵后营。
十二年秋,朵颜长昂以三千骑犯刘家口。有容夜半率健卒二十九人迎击,身中二矢,斩首六级,寇退乃还,由是知名。十四年从李成梁出塞,抵可可毋林,斩馘多。明年再出,亦有功。成梁攻北关,有容陷阵,马再易再毙,卒拔其城。
从宋应昌援朝鲜,乞归。日本封事坏,福建巡抚金学曾欲用奇捣其穴,起有容守浯屿、铜山。二十九年,倭掠诸寨,有容击败之。倭据东番。有容守石湖,谋尽歼之,以二十一舟出海,遇风,存十四舟。过彭湖,与倭遇,格杀数人,纵火沈其六舟,斩首十五级,夺还男妇三百七十余人。倭遂去东番,海上息肩者十年。捷闻,文武将吏悉叙功,有容赉白金而已。
三十二年七月,西洋红毛番长韦麻郎驾三大艘至彭湖,求互市,税使高寀召之也。有容白当事自请往谕见麻郎指陈利害麻郎悟呼寀使者索还所赂寀金扬帆去。由浙江游击调天津,迁温处参将,罢归。四十四年,倭犯福建。巡抚黄承元请特设水师,起有容统之,擒倭东沙。
泰昌元年,辽事棘,始设山东副总兵,驻登州,以命有容。八月,毛文龙有镇江之捷。诏有容统水师万,偕天津水师直抵镇江策应。有容叹曰“率一旅之师,当方张之敌,吾知其不克济也”无何,镇江果失,水师遂不进。明年,广宁覆,辽民走避诸岛,日望登师救援。朗先下令,敢渡一人者斩。有容争之,立命数十艘往,获济者数万人。时金、复、盖三卫俱空无人,有欲据守金州者。有容言金州孤悬海外,登州、皮岛俱远隔大洋,声援不及,不可守。迨文龙取金州,未几复失。四年,有容以年老乞骸骨,归,卒。
(选自《明史·沈有容传》,有删改)
【1】对文中画波浪线部分的断句,正确的一项是
A.有容白当事/自请往谕/见麻郎/指陈利害/麻郎悟/呼寀使者/索还所赂寀金/扬帆去
B.有容白/当事自请往谕见麻郎/指陈利害/麻郎悟/呼寀使者索/还所赂寀金/扬帆去
C.有容白当事/自请往谕/见麻郎/指陈利害/麻郎悟呼/寀使者索还所赂寀金/扬帆去
D.有容白当事/自请往谕见麻郎/指陈利害/麻郎悟/呼寀使者索还所赂/寀金扬帆去
【2】下列对文中加点词语的相关内容的解说,不正确的一项是
A.“乡试”是古代科举的地方考试,又称“大比”。一般在八月举行,故又称“秋闱”。
B.“倭”指倭寇。是指元末到明中叶在朝鲜和我国沿海抢劫骚扰的日本海盗。
C.“海外”与古代的“海内”相对,“海内”指国内,“海外”则古今同义,指国外。
D.“乞骸骨”意思为请求使骸骨归葬故乡,指古代官吏因年老请求退职回家。
【3】下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是
A.沈有容热爱军事。他从小就会骑马击剑,后考中武生乡试,梁梦龙、张佳胤都赏识器重他,让他担任要职。
B.沈有容作战勇猛。指挥夺取刘家口的战斗中,他身先士卒,虽身中两箭,但仍斩首六级,等敌人退走了才回来。
C.沈有容有计谋。他曾想用奇兵攻打倭寇的巢穴,可惜福建巡抚金学曾不按他的计划行事,导致部队攻打失败。
D.沈有容爱护百姓。郎先发布禁令不让人去救百姓时,他表示反对并下令让几十艘船开往各岛,从而使数万人获救。
【4】把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
(1)倭遂去东番,海上息肩者十年。捷闻,文武将吏悉叙功,有容赉白金而已。
(2)无何,镇江果失,水师遂不进。明年,广宁覆,辽民走避诸岛,日望登师救援。
查看答案和解析>>
湖北省互联网违法和不良信息举报平台 | 网上有害信息举报专区 | 电信诈骗举报专区 | 涉历史虚无主义有害信息举报专区 | 涉企侵权举报专区
违法和不良信息举报电话:027-86699610 举报邮箱:58377363@163.com