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【题目】阅读下面的文字,完成文后各题。

李杜诗歌创作与从政关系之初论

李白杜甫一生从政时间并不长,但被朝廷和地方藩府征聘任用却不止一次,断断续续分布于他们一生好几个时期。两人生活经历受此左右,成为一个起伏不定的过程。考察政治对于两位大诗人思想创作的正面推动和影响,有助于认识中国古代诗歌创作与政治的关系。

中国诗歌的传统是言志。魏晋以后有缘情说出现,但士大夫仍一致认为情必须是高尚的情。因而缘情在很大程度上只能看作言志的补充,即所言之志必须是情感的真实流露。情志合一,它的最高层次必然与政治相通。这样,对中国诗歌而言,政治之渗入与否,跟诗歌是否达到高层次常相联系。就诗人而言,古代诗人注定是在封建政治格局下生活,因而经常由封建政治赋予他们以理想与热情,构成他们与时代与社会现实生活的密切联系,诗歌所呈现的气象、风貌,也都与他们的政治介入有关。当士大夫自觉地承担起某种社会责任的时候,他的精神往往也相应地崇高起来。中国古代诗人可以不是政治家,但对政治必须有一种向心力,必须在政治方面有必要的体验和适度的介入。

政治本身当然应该有它的积极内容。诗人当然也应该有良好的主观条件,鄙吝的人无论政治给他以怎样的拨动,也不可能有伟大的创作。但问题在于人的情志不可能恒定在一种状态下没有变化,即使是有高尚志趣的人,也不免会有松懈的时候。同样是杜甫,他可以高唱盖棺事则已,此志常觊豁;也可以低吟浅把涓涓酒,深凭送此生。在不同时期,心情和志趣显然是有变化的。李杜一生追求,经历了漫长的历程。在长途中就像一辆运行的机车,需要有动力补充。如何使李杜的用世之心,在关键时刻得到维系和加强,始终不倦地追求,执着地面对现实,仍然需要靠政治的强大摄动力,这在李杜的后期生活中表现得很明显。

从诗人与社会的横向联系看,封建社会毕竟与资本主义社会不同。在中国封建时代尤其是它的前期,士大夫如果不卷入政治,一般就只有归向山林田园。穷乡僻壤的封闭,小生产者的狭窄天地,对他们的视野与情感,构成严重的限制和束缚,使他们与外部疏离,难得从时代生活中汲取创作的动力。甚至连诗歌创作,在死水一样的生活中也会变成多余。所以中国古代诗人如果真正回归农村,杜门不出,创作上多数总是归于沉寂。有人对李杜离开朝廷后仍与各方面官员交游有微辞,似乎毕竟未能免俗,其实这种交游正是与外界保持联系的重要途径。否则就只有陷入闭目塞听、彻底缄默的境地。总之,如李杜之所作,笔力雄壮,气象浑厚,具有强烈的时代气息、丰富的社会内容、深刻的人生体验,乃至达到堪称通乎天地万物、包含古今的程度,它是绝不可能指望产生于一般的甚至封闭的环境之中。其酝酿和创作,非有一种巨大的政治背景,并连同诗人自身都被适当地卷入不可。

(选自余恕诚《唐诗风貌》,有删改)

【1】下列关于中国诗歌传统中情、志的理解,不符合原文意思的一项是(3分)(

A.言志是中国诗歌的传统,时间上要早于魏晋以后出现的缘情说。

B.缘情很大程度上是对言志的补充,所言之志必须是情感的真实流露。

C.情、志在士大夫看来,前者是诗人的自觉,后者则由封建政治赋予。

D.情志合一有层次之分,政治渗入与诗歌达到高层次有着密切的关联。

【2】下列对原文思路的分析,不正确的一项是(3分)(

A.段引领全文。首先概括李白杜甫一生的从政特点,点明两人生活经历受政治影响,从而交代本文的写作意图。

B.段从中国诗歌的传统谈起,强调政治生活关联着诗歌气象风貌的呈现以及诗人精神气魄、高度责任感的形成。

C.段先指出伟大的创作所必需的主观条件,接着以李杜为例,阐释了政治的强大摄动力对诗人创作的积极作用。

D.段将诗人和社会横向对比,指出封闭的环境会限制诗人的才思,肯定了李杜与官员的交游,自然地收结全文。

【3】下列对原文观点的概括,正确的一项是(3分)(

A.中国古代诗人可以不是政治家,但必须对政治有一种向心力,适度介入政治、体验政治,自觉承担起某种社会责任。

B.诗人都不可能使其情志恒定在一种状态下,但却可以在积极政治的推动下维系并加强其用世之心,执着地面对现实。

C.在中国封建时代尤其是它的前期,士大夫如果不卷入政治,一般就只有归向于山林田园,其结果就是创作归于沉寂。

D.李白杜甫在离开朝廷后,都与各方面的官员保持联系,其用意就在于依靠官府信息,酝酿和创作伟大而丰富的作品。

【答案】

【1】C

【2】D

【3】A

【解析】

【1】

试题分析:本题考查理解文章重要词语、归纳和筛选信息的能力。这类题目首先要速读题干,明确对象及要求,然后浏览选项,之后到文中找到选项所在的位置,并将选项与其进行比较,这类题目编题者会故意曲解文意或以偏概全,特别要关注句中限制性的副词,经比较即可得知C项前者是诗人的自觉,后者则由封建政治赋予于文无据。

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