【题目】阅读下面的文字,回答问题。
念奴娇·赤壁怀古
苏轼
大江东去,浪淘尽,千古风流人物。故垒西边,人道是,三国周郎赤壁。乱石穿空,惊涛拍岸,卷起千堆雪。江山如画,一时多少豪杰。
遥想公瑾当年,小乔初嫁了,雄姿英发。羽扇纶巾,谈笑间,樯橹灰飞烟灭。故国神游,多情应笑我,早生华发。人生如梦,一尊还酹江月。
【1】这首词写了哪些景物?有何特点?有何作用?
【2】这首词的下阕集中笔墨怀人,在众多的风流人物中,作者为何仅写周瑜一人?
【3】简要分析这首词的主要艺术特色。
【4】这首词的上阕写景怀人,在众多的风流人物中,作者为什么把怀念的对象锁定为周瑜?
【5】下列对《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》的理解分析,不正确的一项是( )
A.起句写长江给人以雄奇壮丽之感,既写江景,又点明怀古,从大处落笔,气势磅礴,感情饱满。
B.“浪淘尽”三字,含蓄有力地表达了作者凭吊古战场的心情,也蕴含了“是非成败转头空”的意思。
C.“乱石穿空,惊涛拍岸,卷起千堆雪”十三字,从形、声、色三方面勾画了古战场的雄奇壮丽。
D.这首词在“怀古”的基础上“伤今”,词作最后回到现实,抒发自我的感伤,感情沉郁而又悲慨。
【答案】
【1】大江、故垒、乱石、惊涛、樯橹灰飞烟灭。景物特点:气势宏大、雄起壮丽。作用:将江山之胜和怀古之情融为一体。
【2】这首词是苏轼贬居黄州时所作,是借古事以抒怀。下阕由“遥想”领起,集中笔力塑造青年将领周瑜风姿潇洒、韶华似锦、年轻有为、运筹帷幄、决胜千里,而自己一生壮志难酬、华发早生、功业难就。在此对比中表达了词人的郁愤和感慨。
【3】(1)烘托:词中以“千古风流人物”引出赤壁之战时的“多少豪杰”,最后集中为周瑜一人。用众多的豪杰来烘托周瑜,突出周瑜在作者心目中的重要地位。
(2)映衬,词中有两种映衬:①实景与虚景映衬。作者亲眼所见的景象是实,作者想象的战争情景是虚,二者互相衬托。②周瑜的“雄姿英发”与作者的“早生华发”相互映衬,既显出周瑜的少年得志,又显出作者的壮志未酬。
【4】作者在千古风流人物中,把追怀的对象锁定在周瑜身上,不仅因为此地是三国赤壁之战的遗址,更因为作者怀有年老而无为、壮志不得施展的惆怅。这样自然而然地联想到年少而功成名就、意气风发的周瑜,使作者与周瑜形成鲜明的对比,表达作者英雄无奈的情感。
【5】B
【解析】
【1】鉴赏文学作品的形象、语言和表达技巧。能力层级为鉴赏评价D。
解答此类题目,重点是读懂诗句大意,然后就题目要求概括写了哪些景物,景物的特点,描写这些景物的作用。先回答前面具体的问题,然后再对其作用做总体概括。
【2】本题考查评价词作的思想内容和观点态度的能力。作者意在拿自己与周瑜比较,以显现出自己至今功业未成的忧愤。
【3】本题考查鉴赏文学作品的表达技巧。烘托与映衬是本文的主要特色,回答时一定要结合文本进行分析。
【4】此题考查对词的内容和主旨的理解能力。可以结合所写景物的地点和作者所要抒发的情感来思考。
【5】“浪淘尽”三字,没有蕴含“是非成败转头空”的意思,这是为下文“怀古”作铺垫,以表明自己对古人的追怀。
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