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【题目】Finally they found out the truth ________ he had gone abroad with a lot of money.

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. where

【答案】C

【解析】这里的从句说明truth的内容,为同位语从句,从句不缺成分,用that引导。

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科目:高中地理 来源: 题型:

【题目】阅读下面的文字,完成(1)(4)题。

吴文俊的数学世界

吴文俊小学时成绩平平,也没有显示出独特的数学才华,初中时数学甚至得过零分,高中时最喜欢的是物理而非数学,但他从小就对读书有浓厚兴趣,初中时国文成绩一直不错,尽管高三时物理得了满分,但教物理的赵贻经老师却看出了他的数学潜力,力荐他入数学系。正始中学决定,吴文俊必须报考数学系,才能得到每年一百块大洋的奖学金,加之他父母又不放心独子离开上海,吴文俊就进入了上海交大数学系,所谓知之不如好之,好之不如乐之,吴文俊向来是以兴趣为先导来读书的,因为他对物理有兴趣,甚至一度想要转系。是大三时教数学的武崇林老师帮助他摆脱了专业上的困惑,使他认识到数学的巨大魅力。

1940年,吴文俊从交大毕业,先后在育英中学、培真中学担任数学教员,直到1946年见到了影响他一生的恩师陈省身,他才由一个普通的中学数学老师成为数学研究所的专业研究员。对于吴文俊的数学研究,他的学生高小山总结说:吴先生做拓扑研究,一下子就能抓住核心问题,为代数拓扑学的兴起作出了影响深远的贡献。他从事机器定理证明也是这样,极其敏锐地看出了信息时代数学的发展趋势,他的研究受到中国古代数学的启发,汲取了中国传统数学的养分。使用吴先生的方法,几乎所有数学定理的证明,都可以由计算机来完成,从而让人类把精力放到更加宏观的层面上去思考问题。

对吴文俊来说,虽然最初选择数学是被动的,但综观其一生,数学已逐渐成为他生命的一部分。从事数学研究,吴文俊特别强调数学思维。他说:要创新,就要独立思考,就不能总是跟着人家亦步亦趋,当然开始的时候参考借鉴也是必要的,牛顿就说过,他之所以获得成功,因为他站在巨人的肩膀上,才能看得远,所以不能忽略学习,可是除了学习之外,还要能够独立思考,这是创新的必要条件。现在摆在中国面前的是,数学就要靠下一代、下下代在创新方面取得巨大成功,中华民族才可以得到复兴。吴文俊自己的经历就是很好的例子。他在数学上的一系列成就,特别是他运用机械化思想来考察数学,发现了数学的不同侧面,并建立了新的模式,这全得益于他的独辟蹊径。

对我国的数学基础教育,吴文俊也颇有心得。我国中学生多次在国际奥数竞赛中获奖,被当作我国数学教育成功的证明,但吴文俊更赞同丘成桐的观点:奥数应该是一种建立在兴趣之上的研究性、高层次学习,中国的奥数学习过分关注海量题目,直接与考试、竞赛挂钩,对系统学数学不利。作为基础学科,应着重引导学习的兴趣,不应当过分追求功利。吴文俊同样清醒认识到:竞赛获奖固然可贵,但也不能看得过重,因为它不能代表学生对数学的深度理解,也不能有效地训练数学思维。他认为,数学教育更重要的是培养数学的思维方式。

有人曾揶揄数学家迂腐,吴文俊不但不迂腐,而且兴趣广泛,内心充满童趣,他说:我是个想怎样就怎样的人,想玩就玩,想工作了就会安安静静地工作,从不多想。他喜欢看电影、读历史小说,也喜欢看围棋比赛。老伴说他贪玩,他却说:读历史书籍、看历史影片,帮助了我的学术研究;看围棋比赛,更培养了我的全局观念和战略眼光。

吴文俊37岁时就获得了国家自然科学一等奖,四十多年后,他再次获得国家最高科技奖。如此长的学术生命,在数学界是非常罕见的。当记者提出疑问时,吴文俊反问道:我为什么不能保持这么长的学术生命?在他看来,学术生命是能够终生保持的,很多人做不到,那是他们自己的问题,应该自我反省。他特别强调研究数学要下扎实的功夫。他说:外国许多数学家,尽管有的我非常佩服,可是我并不认同他们靠所谓巧思妙想研究数学的办法。应该根据客观实际具体分析,一切以事实为主。这是我主要的想法。

(摘编自柯琳娟《吴文俊传》)

相关链接

1974年,吴文俊转向中国数学史研究,从中得到启发,开创了具有中国传统数学特点的数学机械化之路。他提出的吴方法,继承和发扬了中国古代数学基于计算的传统,与通常基于逻辑的方法根本不同,首次实现了高效的几何定理自动证明。国际机器证明研究领域的权威人物S.穆尔说:在吴文俊之前,机械化的几何定理证明处于黑暗时期,而吴的工作给整个领域带来光明。(黄婷、邱德胜《数学大师:华罗庚、陈省身、吴文俊》)

一般说来,吴教授的工作,都是独辟蹊径,不袭前人,富有创造性的。(陈省身为吴文俊颁发杰出科学家奖时的评语)

(1) 下列对材料有关内容的分析和概括,最恰当的两项是

A.在上海交大读书期间,吴文俊因为对数学不感兴趣,曾一度想转到物理系,后来遇见一位高明的数学老师武崇林,他才打消了转系念头。

B.吴文俊清楚地看到信息时代数学的发展趋势,受到中国古代数学的启发,提出了用计算机实现数学定理证明的方法,作出了影响深远的贡献。

C.吴文俊能够清醒地认识到中国数学研究领域存在的主要问题,期待着未来的中国数学家开拓创新,取得巨大成就,从而实现中华民族的复兴。

D.外国不少数学家只靠巧思妙想研究数学,尽管名气很大,吴文俊却并不认同他们的研究成果,而是坚持用自己以客观为主的方法研究数学。

E.吴文俊在拓扑学、机器定理证明、数学机械化等领域都取得了很多独创性成果,获得了国际数学界同行的高度认可与评价。

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(3)对我国的数学基础教育,吴文俊有哪些心得?请结合材料简要概括。

(4)作为一位杰出的数学家,吴文俊对物理学、文学艺术等也有广泛的兴趣。请结合材料,就兴趣广泛与专业研究的关系进行分析。

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