【题目】2010年11月1日零时,我国进行了新中国成立以来的第六次全国人口普查,此次普查的主要目的是查清十年来我国人口的数量、结构、分布和居住环境等方面的变化情况,为实施可持续发展战略,提供科学准确的统计信息支持。读有关材料,回答问题。
材料一:第六次全国人口普查主要数据于2011年4月28日发布。此次人口普查登记的全国总人口为1339724852人。比2000年第五次人口普查相比,10年增加7390万人。
材料二:目前我国超过60岁的老年人为1.776亿,约占总人口的13.26%,未来五年将是人口老年化加速发展期,城乡老年空巢家庭比例不断上升,人口将呈现老年化、高龄化、空巢化加速发展的新特征。
(1)人口普查不能弄清 ( )
A.人口数量 B.人口构成
C.人口合理容量 D.城市化水平
(2)材料一和材料二说明我国当前面临的主要人口问题为_________;_______
(3)材料二表明,人口老龄化、高龄化对社会经济发展的影响_______;_______
(4)面对日益严重的老龄化、高龄化问题,我国已经放宽生育控制,实施“单独二胎”政策,对此,你是否赞成?理由是什么?
【答案】
(1)C
(2)人口基数大,数量增长快; 人口老龄化
(3)社会赡养费用上升,政府财政压力增大;青壮年社会负担过重;
(4)赞成。可以减轻青壮年的社会负担;
不赞成。我国人口基数大,人口增长仍很快,将进一步加大人口与资源、环境之间的压力。
【解析】
试题分析:
(1)人口普查可以反映人口数量的多少,人口年龄和性别结构,城市人口和乡村人口的比重。人口合理容量:指一个国家或地区最适宜的人口数量,由资源状况、对外开放程度、消费水平等因素制约。人口普查不能弄清人口合理容量,故选C。
(2)由材料一可知,第六次全国人口普查全国总人口为1339724852人。比2000年第五次人口普查相比,10年增加7390万人。说明口基数大,数量增长快。由材料二可知,我国超过60岁的老年人为1.776亿,约占总人口的13.26%,说明人口老龄化严重。
(3)由于老龄化高龄化严重,劳动力占人口总比重低,会导致社会赡养费用上升,政府财政压力增大;青壮年社会负担过重,劳动力不足,影响经济发展。
(4)面对人口老龄化,专家提出的放宽计划生育、放开二胎的政策从正反两个方面来分析,理由充分即可。赞成主要从我国人口老龄化趋势严重角度分析。不赞成主要从我国人口基数以及资源、环境压力大角度考虑。
科目:高中地理 来源: 题型:
【题目】读“世界人口容量测算表(部分)”, 据此完成下列问题。
气候区 | 人口合理容量(亿) | 合理人口密度 (人/平方千米) |
热带雨林气候 | 28.00 | 200 |
亚热带季风气候 | 9.30 | 100 |
地中海气候 | 2.25 | 90 |
温带海洋性气候 温带季风气候 | 7.35 | 30 |
【1】表中所列人口合理容量和合理人口密度的测算主要考虑的是
A.社会因素 B.经济因素
C.技术因素 D.自然因素
【2】按表中数据推算下列气候类型所在地区.远没有达到人口合理容量和合理人口密度的是
A.亚热带季风气候 B.地中海气候
C.温带季风气候 D.热带雨林气候
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材料一 许多专家们认为我国人口发展正在快速步入“后人口转变时期”,实现了人口增长模式的历史性转变。在上海、大连等大都市出现了“未富先老”现象,在中西部小城镇和农村出现“留守小孩”、“留守家庭”等现象。
材料二 上海浦东将在国家劳动保障部的支持下,探索柔性延长退休年龄改革试点。
(1) 材料中提及到“后人口转变时期”和我国“实现了人口增长模式的历史性转变”,这里的“后人口转变时期”是指 (人口增长模式),其特征 。“实现了人口增长模式的历史性转变”的根本原因是 。
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C.外来务工人员
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【题目】阅读理解。
When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.
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【1】What do we know about John?
A. He enjoyed his career and marriage.
B. He had few childhood playmates.
C. He received little love from his family.
D. He was envied by others in his childhood.
【2】Vaillant’s words in Paragraph 2 serve as _____.
A. a description of personal values and social values
B. an analysis of how work was related to competence
C. an example for parents’ expectations of their children
D. an explanation why some boys grew into happy men
【3】Vaillant’s team obtained their findings by _____.
A. recording the boys’ effort in school
B. evaluating the men’s mental health
C. comparing different sets of scores
D. measuring the men’s problem solving ability
【4】What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4?
A. Quick to react
B. Having a thin edge
C. Clear and definite
D. sudden and rapid
【5】What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. competent adults know more about love than work.
B. Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.
C. Love brings more joy to people than work does.
D. Independence is the key to one’s success.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章通过John的例子结合一个研究发现说明童年时期帮助做一些家务的孩子长大后会更快乐,更成功。
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A garden that’s just right for you
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●【2】
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 【3】. However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.
●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories
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B. Find a good place for your own garden
C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters
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【1】“冷岛效应”形成的根本原因是
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【2】“冷岛效应”会使绿洲地区
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