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    【题目】地球圈层的结构分为外部圈层和内部圈层两大部分。据此回答下列问题。

    【1】以下有关地球圈层结构的说法正确的是

    A．目前人类基本可以直接观测地球内部结构

    B．岩石圈位于软流层之上

    C．地核的温度很高、但压力和密度很小

    D．岩浆主要来自于下地幔

    【2】生物圈大致位于

    A．大气圈的底部 B．水圈的上部

    C．岩石圈的中部 D．地壳的全部

    【3】只能通过固体传播的地震波是

    ①纵波 ②横波 ③P波 ④S波

    A．①② B．②③ C．②④ D．①③

    【4】莫霍界面附近地震波波速的变化特点是

    A．纵波和横波的速度都减小

    B．纵波和横波的速度都增加

    C．纵波完全消失，横波速度加快

    D．纵波速度下降，横波完全消失

    【答案】

    【1】B

    【2】A

    【3】C

    【4】D

    【解析】

    试题分析：

    【1】目前人类不能直接观测地球内部结构，A错。地壳和上地幔顶部，属于岩石圈，岩石圈位于软流层之上，B对。地核的温度很高、压力和密度很大，C错。岩浆主要来自于上地幔底部的软流层，D错。故选B。

    【2】生物圈是自然地理环境中最活跃的圈层，它包括大气圈的下层、岩石圈的上层、整个水圈，故选A。

    【3】横波（S）只能在固体中传播，纵波（P）既能在固体中传播也能在液体中传播，故选

    【4】莫霍界面附近地震波波速的变化特点是纵波速度下降，横波完全消失,故选D。

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