【题目】悼念乔治·桑
（法）雨 果
我为一位死者哭泣，我向这位不朽者致敬。
昔日我曾爱慕过她，钦佩过她，崇敬过她，而今，在死神带来的庄严肃穆之中，我出神地凝视着她。
我祝贺她，因为她所做的是伟大的；我感激她，因为她所做的是美好的。我记得曾经有一天，我给她写过这样的话：“感谢您，您的灵魂是如此伟大。”
难道说我们真的失去她了吗?
不。
那些高大的身影虽然与世长辞，然而他们并未真正消失。远非如此，人们甚至可以说他们已经自我完成。他们在某种形式下消失了，但是在另一种形式中犹可见。这真是崇高的变容。
人类的躯体乃是一种遮掩。它能将神化的真正面貌——思想——遮掩起来。
乔治·桑就是一种思想，她从肉体中超脱出来，自由自在，虽死犹生，永垂不朽。啊，自由的女神! 乔治·桑在我们这个时代具有独一无二的地位。其他的伟人都是男子，惟独她是伟大的女性。
在本世纪，法国革命的结束与人类革命的开始都是顺乎天理的，男女平等作为人与人之间平等的一部分，一个伟大的女性是必不可少的。妇女应该显示出，她们不仅保持天使般的禀性，而且还具有我们男子的才华。她们不仅应有强韧的力量，也要不失其温柔的禀性。乔治·桑就是这类女性的典范。
当法兰西遭到人们的凌辱时，完全需要有人挺身而出，为她争光载誉。乔治·桑永远是本世纪的光荣，永远是我们法兰西的骄傲。这位荣誉等身的女性是完美无缺的。他像巴贝斯①一样有着一颗伟大的心；她像巴尔扎克一样有着伟大的精神；她像拉马丁一样有着伟大的灵魂。在她身上不乏诗才。在加里波第②曾创造过奇迹的时代里，乔治·桑留下了无数杰作佳品。
列举她的杰作显然是毫无必要的，重复大众的记忆又有何益?她的那些杰作的伟力概括起来就是“善良”二字。乔治·桑确实是善良的，当然她也招来某些人的仇视。崇敬总是有它的对立面的，这就是仇恨。有人狂热崇拜，也有人恶意辱骂。仇恨与辱骂正好表现人们的反对，或者不妨说它表明了人们的赞同——反对者的叫骂往往会被后人视为一种赞美之辞。谁戴桂冠谁就招打，这是一条规律，咒骂的低劣正衬出欢呼的高尚。
像乔治·桑这样的人物，可谓公开的行善者，他们离别了我们，而几乎是在离逝的同时，人们在他们留下的似乎空荡荡的位子上发现新的进步已经出现。
每当人间的伟人逝世之时，我们都听到强大的振翅搏击的响声。一种事物消失了，另一种事物降临了。
大地与苍穹都有阴晴圆缺。但是，这人间与那天上一样，消失之后就是再现。一个像火炬那样的男人或女子，在这种形式下熄灭了，在思想的形式下又复燃了。于是人们发现，曾经被认为是熄灭了的，其实是永远不会熄灭。这火炬燃得比以往任何时候更加光彩夺目，从此它组成文明的一部分，从而屹立在人类无限的光明之列，并将增添文明的光芒。健康的革命之风吹动着这支火炬，并使它成为燎原之势，越烧越旺，那神秘的吹拂熄灭了虚假的光亮，却增添了真正的光明。
劳动者离去了，但他的劳动成果留了下来。
埃德加·基内③逝世了，但是他的高深的哲学却越出了他的坟墓，居高临下劝告着人们。米谢莱④去世了，可在他的身后，记载着未来的史册却在高高耸起。乔治·桑虽然与我们永别了，但她留给我们以女权，充分显示出妇女有着不可抹煞的天才。正由于这样，革命才得以完成。让我们为死者哭泣吧，但是我们要看到他们的业绩。具有决定性意义的伟业，得益于颇可引以为豪的先驱者的荚灵精神，必定会随之而来。一切真理、一切正义正在向我们走来。这就是我们听到的振翅搏击的响声。
让我们接受这些卓绝的死者在离别我们时所遗赠的一切!让我们去迎接未来!让我们在静静的沉思中，向那些伟大的离别者为我们预言将要到来的伟大女性致敬!
（姚远 译）（选自漓江出版社《洋文观止》）
【注】①巴贝斯（1809～1870），法国著名政治家。
②加里波第（1807～1882），意大利民族解放运动的领袖。
③埃德加?基内（1803～1875），法国哲学家。
④米谢莱（1798～1874），法国著名历史学家。
【1】理解划线句子的深刻含义。
⑴他们在某种形式下消失了，但是在另一种形式中犹可见。
⑵乔治·桑就是一种思想。
【2】文章第十自然段，作者将乔治?桑和其他伟大作家放在—起比较，有什么作用?
【3】如何理解“当然她也招来某些人的仇视”一句话的内涵。
【4】下列对这篇悼文的赏析，不够正确的两项是（ ）
A．这是一篇悼文，更是对“伟大”和“善良”的颂歌；这是一篇文艺性很强的散文体演说辞，也是一篇优美的抒情散文。说理的辩证性和语言的哲理性是这篇演说稿的两大特色。
B．面对乔治·桑的逝世，作者用低沉的语调，哀伤的言辞，去述说死者的生平和病逝；用高亢的语调，诗化的语言，讲述了乔治·桑的伟大贡献，表达了对死者的无尽悼念之情，言之切切，令人感动。
C．作者在文中指出，伟人虽然离我们而去，但在离逝的同时“新的进步已经出现”。启示人们，对伟人的逝世不应持悲观态度，在看到伟人逝去的同时，还须看到他的贡献和力量。
D．“劳动者离去了，但他的劳动成果留了下来。”这是包含辩证思想的一句话。意思是乔治·桑的形体己逝去，但她留下了无数杰作佳品。
E．这篇演说辞不同于一般悼念文章，它不仅评说死者，而且阐述自己的观点，那就是作者的生死观。整篇演说稿，给读者留下的不是压抑，不是眼泪，不是哀伤，而是悲壮、沉痛化成的巨大力量。这正是作者人生观、世界观的一种体现。
【答案】
【1】⑴作为肉体的乔治·桑消失了，但作为精神价值的乔治·桑却进入了永恒。
⑵乔治·桑以一种思想的形态存在，表达了作者的无限崇敬之情。
【2】突出乔治·桑有着全面发展的完美人格和崇高思想。
【3】说明乔治·桑是行善者，也是敢于向邪恶与不义斗争的战士，所以在赢得尊敬的同时，也会招来少数人的嫉恨。
【4】BD
【解析】
【1】考查对重点句子含义的理解。
（1）主要是概括出句子的深层含义。
（2）主要是概括出句子中包含的深厚情感。
【2】主要考查类比的手法。类比是两种东西有同样的特征才放一起比较，是为了突出乔治·桑的伟大。
【3】考查对重点句子含义的理解，主要是概括出句子的深层含义
【4】B项中“低沉的语调”“高亢的语调”无据，D项中“乔治·桑的形体己逝去，但她留下了无数杰作佳品”不确切，不单单指乔治·桑。
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During the Tang Dynasty, poems were recited when lovers walked under the moonlight. Poems were also recited when soldiers fought on the battlefield. People recited them in the open air or at temple fairs.
Tang Dynasty poets wrote poems to win fame and also to develop their temperament(性情). They poured our deep feelings for their friends and criticized injustice in the world through poems.
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