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    【题目】写出具有下列电子排布的微粒的核电荷数、元素符号,以及在周期表中的位置。

    (1)A原子:1s22s22p5 、 ;第 周期第 族。

    (2)B-:1s22s22p63s23p6 、 ;第 周期第 族。

    (3)C原子:[He]2s22p3 、 ;第 周期第 族。

    (4)外围电子排布为3d54s2的原子: 、 ;第 周期第 族。

    【答案】(1)9 F 二 ⅦA

    (2)17 Cl 三 ⅦA

    (3)7 N 二 ⅤA

    (4)25 Mn 四 ⅦB

    【解析】(1)对于原子来讲,核电荷数=核外电子数,确定A元素为F,位于周期表中第二周期第ⅦA族。

    (2)对于阴离子来讲,核电荷数=核外电子数-离子所带电荷数=18-1=17,故B-为Cl-,位于周期表中第三周期第ⅦA族。

    (3)将简化电子排布式还原为通常电子排布式,即1s22s22p3,判断C原子为N,位于周期表中第二周期第ⅤA族。

    (4)由构造原理知该元素原子的电子排布式为1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2,确定为Mn元素,位于第四周期第ⅦB族。

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