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【题目】阅读下列这首诗,回答问题。

端居

李商隐

远书归梦两悠悠,只有空床敌素秋。

阶下青苔与红树,雨中寥落月中愁。

注释:该诗是作者滞留异乡,思念妻子之作。端居:闲居素秋:秋天的代称

(1)远书归梦两悠悠 ,正是诗人在盼远书而不至,觅归梦而不成的情况下,从心灵深处发出的一声长长的叹息。请赏析悠悠 二字的妙处。

2这首诗中的三四句主要运用了什么表现手法?请简要分析。

【答案】(1)悠悠 二字既形象地显示出远书、归梦的杳邈难期,也传神地表现出两皆落空时怅然若失的意态。而夫妻双方山川阻隔,别后经年的时间、空间远隔,也隐见于言外。2)第三四句主要运用了借景抒情的表现手法。诗人借助对青苔 红树 以及 景、 色的描写,赋予客观景物以浓厚的主观色彩,营造出冷寂、凄清的氛围,表达了悲愁、孤寂和思亲的情感。(如从其他角度回答,如一、互文手法,二、拟人手法,言之成理也可给分)

【解析】(1)本题考查鉴赏诗歌语言的能力。诗人远别家乡和亲人,时间已经很久。妻子从远方的来信,是客居异乡寂寞生活的慰藉,但已很久没有见到它的踪影了。在这寂寥的清秋之夜,得不到家人音书的空廓虚无之感变得如此强烈,为寂寞所咬啮的灵魂便自然而然地想从归梦 中寻求慰藉。即使是短暂的梦中相聚,也总可稍慰相思。但路迢归梦难成 (李煜《清平乐》),一觉醒来,竟是悠悠相别经年,魂魄未曾入梦

次句写中宵醒后寂寥凄寒的感受。"敌"字不仅突出"空床"与素秋"默默相对的寂寥清冷的氛围,而且表现出空床独寝的人无法承受"素秋"的清冷凄凉的情状,抒发了难以言状的凄怆之情。素秋,是秋天的代称。但它的暗示色彩却相当丰富。它使人联想起洁白清冷的秋霜、皎洁凄寒的秋月、明澈寒冽的秋水,联想起一切散发着萧瑟清寒气息的秋天景物。对于一个寂处异乡、远书归梦两悠悠的客子来说,这凄寒的素秋便不仅仅是引动愁绪的一种触媒,而且是对毫无慰藉的心灵一种不堪忍受的重压。

2)本题考查鉴赏诗歌的表达技巧的能力。三、四两句从室内的空床移向室外的青苔红树。但并不是客观地描绘,而是移情入景,使客观景物对象化,带上浓厚的主观色彩。寂居异乡,

平日很少有人来往,阶前长满了青苔,更显出寓所的冷寂。红树,则正是暮秋特有的景象。青苔、红树,色调本来是比较明丽的,但由于是在夜间,在迷蒙雨色、朦胧夜月的笼罩下,色调便不免显得黯淡模糊。在满怀愁绪的诗人眼里,这阶下青苔与红树似乎也在默默相对中呈现出一种无言的愁绪和清冷寥落的意态,应用了拟人的手法。这两句中青苔红树雨中月中寥落,都是互文错举。

雨中月中,似乎不大可能是同一夜间出现的景象。但当诗人面对其中的一幅图景时(假定是月夕),自不妨同时在心中浮现先前经历过的另一幅图景(雨夕)。这样把眼前的实景和记忆中的景色交织在一起,无形中将时间的内涵扩展延伸了,暗示出像这样地中宵不寐,思念远人已非一夕。同时,这三组词两两互文错举,后两组又句中自对,又使诗句具有一种回环流动的美。如果联系一开头的远书归梦来体味,那么这雨中寥落月中愁的青苔、红树,似乎还可以让读者联想起相互远隔的双方各在天一涯默默相思的情景。风雨之夕,月明之夜,胸怀愁绪而寥落之情难以排遣,不禁令人满腹怅然,亦生怜惜之心。

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