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【题目】阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一 工人革命的第一步就是使无产阶级上升为统治阶级,争得民主。让统治阶级在共产主义革命面前发抖吧。无产者在这个革命中失去的只是锁链。他们获得的将是整个世界。

——《共产党宣言》

材料二 虽然直到1917年俄国革命,社会主义者没有赢得任何政府的控制权,但是他们的批评,连同保守者和自由主义者一起,在说服政府革除早期工业化的弊端,为工人阶级提供保障方面起了巨大作用。……1832年伊始,一系列法案扩大了男性公民选举权,财产资格的限制大大降低,这为最终实现男性公民的普选权铺平了道路。……19世纪80年代,德国在奥托··俾斯麦的领导下,引入医疗保险、失业补偿金与养老金,为劳动大众提供社会保障。

——【美】杰里·本特利赫伯特·齐格勒《新全球通史——文明的传承与交流》

材料三 本本主义的社会科学研究法也同样是最危险的,甚至可能走上反革命的道路……我们说马克思主义是对的,决不是因为马克思这个人是什么先哲,而是因为他的理论,在我们的实践中,在我们的斗争中,证明了是对的。

——毛泽东《反对本本主义》

(1)据材料一,指出工人革命的目的。据材料二,概括工人运动对西方资本主义发展的客观作用。说明马克思主义与工人运动之间的关系。(5分)

(2)据材料三,归纳毛泽东对马克思主义的看法。结合20世纪20年代中国革命方面的史实,说明这一主张在思想和实践方面的主要表现。

(3)综合上述材料,谈谈你对马克思主义的认识。

【答案】(1)目的:推翻资产阶级统治(建立无产阶级专政)。

作用:扩大公民选举权;推动社会保障制度建设(或推动了西方国家的政治改革和社会改革;推动了资本主义制度的自我完善和发展)。

关系:相互促进(马克思主义指导工人运动;工人运动丰富马克思主义)。

(2)看法:马克思主义必须与中国革命具体实践相结合。

20年代:思想,工农武装割据;实践,建立农村革命根据地。

(3)马克思主义具有强大的生命力;马克思主义运用要实事求是;马克思主义是不断丰富和发展的。

【解析】本题考查马克思主义的产生发展和马克思主义的中国化。

第(1)问,依据材料工人革命的第一步就是使无产阶级上升为统治阶级,争得民主,概括出工人革命建立无产阶级专政的目的;由材料社会主义者……在说服政府革除早期工业化的弊端,为工人阶级提供保障方面起了巨大作用……1832年伊始,一系列法案扩大了男性公民选举权……19世纪80年代,德国……为劳动大众提供社会保障,概括归纳工人运动对西方资本主义发展的客观促进作用;根据对两则材料信息的理解,概括得出马克思主义与工人运动之间的相互促进的关系。

第(2)问,由材料本本主义的社会科学研究法也同样是最危险的马克思主义是对的……是因为他的理论,在我们的实践中,在我们的斗争中,证明了是对的,概括得出毛泽东主张马克思主义必须与中国革命的具体实践相结合的观点;结合20世纪20年代中国革命的相关知识,分别概括说明上述主张在思想与实践上的不同表现。

第(3)问,综合三则材料信息,认识与理解马克思主义产生的巨大影响、马克思主义不断丰富和发展及其坚持的基本原则;据此概括总结对马克思主义的认识。

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