【题目】阅读下面材料，回答问题。
材料一 许多专家们认为我国人口发展正在快速步入“后人口转变时期”，实现了人口增长模式的历史性转变。在上海、大连等大都市出现了“未富先老”现象，在中西部小城镇和农村出现“留守小孩”、“留守家庭”等现象。
材料二 上海浦东将在国家劳动保障部的支持下，探索柔性延长退休年龄改革试点。
(1) 材料中提及到“后人口转变时期”和我国“实现了人口增长模式的历史性转变”，这里的“后人口转变时期”是指 (人口增长模式)，其特征 。“实现了人口增长模式的历史性转变”的根本原因是 。
(2) “留守小孩”、“留守家庭”的出现产生的原因是什么？这种现象会对当地造成哪些影响？
(3) 浦东在探索柔性延长退休年龄改革中，率先可以试点的人群是 ( )
A、高科技、金融、现代服务业等单位的科技人员
B．宾馆、餐饮等服务行业
C．外来务工人员
D．野外工作人员
【答案】（1）现代型 出生率低、死亡率低、自然增长率低 生产力水平提高（社会经济发展）
（2）“未富先老”表明人口老龄化趋势加快。人口老龄化会造成劳动力短缺和劳动力年龄结构老化；社会上用于老年人的社会保障和赡养费用增加，负担加重；引起老年人的医疗保健和精神孤寂等问题出现。
（3）大量民工和家庭青壮年劳动力外出务工或经商引起的。 有利于加强当地与外界的联系；缓解当地人地矛盾；可导致当地人才外流劳动力不足等不利影响。
（4）A
【解析】试题分析：
（1）人口增长模式的转变经历了四个阶段—原始低增长阶段、高增长阶段、增长减缓阶段、低增长阶段，“后人口转变时期”应该指低增长阶段，由于出生率低、死亡率低、自然增长率低，属于现代型；人口增长模式转变的根本原因是由于生产力水平提高，社会经济发展。
（2）“未富先老”是中国老龄化的特点，一般情况是，低收入国家大多是高生育、低寿命，而中国平均寿命比他们都高出很多，所以“未富先老”表明中国人口老龄化趋势加快。结合发达国家人口老龄化可知，人口老龄化会造成劳动力短缺和劳动力年龄结构老化；社会上用于老年人的社会保障和赡养费用增加，负担加重；引起老年人的医疗保健和精神孤寂等问题出现。
（3）随着我国经济发展以及城镇化速度加快，大量民工和家庭青壮年劳动力外出务工或经商，从而产生“留守小孩”、“留守家庭”。 这种现象表明农村青壮年劳动力的人口向外迁移，根据人口迁移对迁出地的影响，从有利、不利两方面分析；有利于加强当地与外界的联系；缓解当地人地矛盾；可导致当地人才外流、劳动力不足等不利影响。
（4）外来务工人员、宾馆、餐饮等服务行业的从业人员所从事的劳动强度大，往往要求身体强壮，不适合延长退休年龄；野外工作风险大、持续时间长，不适合老年人；高科技、金融、现代服务业等单位的科技人员，年龄越大，经验越丰富，可以为新人提供指导意见，更好的发挥余热，故选项A正确。
阅读快车系列答案科目：高中地理 来源： 题型：
【题目】读不同气候类型区的合理人口容量和合理人口密度表,完成下列各题。
气候区 | 合理人口容量（亿） | 合理人口密度（人/平方千米） |
热带雨林气候区 | 28.00 | 200 |
亚热带季风气候区 | 9.30 | 100 |
地中海气候区 | 2.25 | 90 |
温带海洋性气候区[ 及温带季风气候区 | 7.35 | 30 |
【1】表中所列合理人口容量和合理人口密度测算主要考虑的是（ ）
A．社会因素 B．自然因素
C．经济因素 D．历史因素
【2】从表中数据可知热带雨林气候区的合理人口容量与合理人口密度都很大,而实际人口密度却很小,其主要原因是（ ）
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【题目】（江西师大附中、鹰潭一中2016届高三下学期第一次联考）阅读理解。
The Royal Mint has chosen Beatrix Potter’s thieving Peter Rabbit as the first character from children’s literature ever to appear on a UK coin.
Peter, pictured in the blue jacket that he is forced to abandon in the garden of Mr McGregor when he is caught stealing vegetables, is captured on a special, coloured edition of a 50p coin available from now. The Royal Mint, which described Peter as “the most recognizable of Potter’s creations, and one of the most cherished from children’s literature”, will release uncoloured versions of the coin in change later this year.
Three more of Potter’s characters will also be committed to currency later this year, as part of celebrations marking 150 years since the children’s author’s birth. The images have been created by coin designer Emma Noble, who said it was “amazing to be given the opportunity to work with such famous and treasured literary characters”.
Potter’s The Tale of Peter Rabbit, featuring Peter and his better-behaved siblings (兄弟姐妹) Flopsy, Mopsy and Cottontail, was the first of her stories to be published, released in 1902 by Frederick Warne & Co. Potter would go on to follow it with a series of much-loved stories which remain popular today, from The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin to The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck.
【1】 Which character from children’s literature can be found on the UK coin?
A. Jemima Puddle-Duck
B. Squirrel Nutkin
C. Flopsy, Mopsy and Cottontail
D. Peter Rabbit
【2】 According to the passage, the coins will be released by the Royal Mint to_____.
A. celebrate the 150th anniversary of the birth of Beatrix Potter
B. celebrate the 150th anniversary of the birth of Peter Rabbit
C. celebrate the first publication of The Tale of Peter Rabbit
D. promote the sales of Beatrix Potter’s works
【3】Which of the following statement is true?
A. Peter Rabbit is one of the most recognized literary characters in UK.
B. The Tale of Peter Rabbit mainly features his better-behaved siblings.
C. It was Emma Noble who created Peter Rabbit, the famous literary character.
D. Uncoloured versions of the Peter Rabbit coin are available now.
【4】Where is this passage probably taken from?
A. An autobiography
B. A children’s book
C. A travel guide
D. A news report
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【题目】环境人口容量是指一个地区或一个国家能持续供养的人口数量。1850年，清朝的人口为4．3亿。当时的学者汪士铎惊呼：“人多之害，山顶已植黍稷，江中已有洲田，川中已辟老林，苗洞已开深菁，犹不足养……”而今天的中国，不但养活了13亿人，人们的生活水平比那个时代还提高了许多。据此回答下列问题。
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B．人口的生活与文化消费水平
C．科技发展水平
D．蕴藏的资源数量
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B．规划农业生产的发展规模
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【1】“供给侧改革”的实施，受影响最大的工业部门是
A. 智能装备制造 B. 钢铁和船舶制造
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【题目】（广东省深圳市2016年高三第二次调研）阅读理解。
A taxi driver taught me a million dollar lesson in customer satisfaction and expectation. Motivational speakers charge thousands of dollars to give training to company executives and staff. It cost me a $12 taxi ride.
I had flown into Dallas for the purpose of calling on a customer. Time was limited and my plan included a quick turn-around trip from and back to the airport. A spotless taxi pulled up. The driver rushed to open the passenger door for me and made sure I was comfortably seated before he closed the door. As he got in the driver’s seat, he mentioned that the neatly-folded Wall Street Journal next to me was for my use. He then showed me several tapes and asked me what type of music I would enjoy. I could not believe the service I was receiving! I took the opportunity to say, “Obviously you take great pride in your work. You must have a story to tell.”
“You bet,” he replied, “I used to be in Microsoft. But I got tired of it, thinking my best would never be good enough. I decided to find my position in life where I could feel proud of being the best I could be. I knew I would never be a rocket scientist, but I love driving cars, helping people and feeling like I have done a full day’s work and done it well. I thought about my personal strengths and ... wham! I became a taxi driver. One thing I know for sure, to be good in my business I could simply meet the expectations of my passengers. But, to be GREAT in my business, I have to go above the customer’s expectations! I like both the sound and the return of being ‘great’ better than just getting by being ‘average’.”
【1】What does the writer really want to say in Paragraph 1?
A．The writer thought the driver motivational.
B．The writer benefited a lot from the ride.
C．The writer was over charged for the ride.
D．The writer paid less for the ride.
【2】What caused the writer’s curiosity about the taxi driver?
A．His wonderful CD.
B．His touching speech.
C．His high-quality service.
D．His neatly-folded journal.
【3】From the last paragraph we know that the taxi driver .
A．is enthusiastic about his work
B．expects much from his work
C．thinks too highly of himself
D．goes above his own expectations
【4】Which of the following isthe taxi driver likely to agree?
A．Being great is a must in life.
B．Life is not easy for all of us.
C．Don’t expect too much in life.
D．Every one of us has strengths.
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【题目】（河南省焦作市2016届高三第一次模拟）阅读理解。
Scientists have discovered thirteen kinds of vitamins. They say vitamins help to carry out chemical changes within cells. If we do not get enough of the vitamins we need in our food, we are at risk of developing a number of diseases. Which foods should be eaten to keep us healthy? Let us look at some important vitamins.
Vitamin A helps prevent skin and other tissues from becoming dry. People who do not get enough vitamin A cannot see well in darkness. Vitamin A is found in fish liver oil and the yellow part of eggs.
Vitamin B-1 is also called thiamine. Thiamine changes starchy（含淀粉的）foods into energy. Thiamine is found not just in whole grains like brown rice, but also in beans and peas, nuts, and meat and fish.
Vitamin B-12 is needed so folic acid can do its work. Together, they help produce red blood cells. Folic acid has been shown to prevent physical problems in babies when taken by their mothers during pregnancy. Vitamin B-12 is found naturally in foods like eggs, meat, fish and milk products. Vitamin B-12 is found in green leafy vegetables and other foods, like legumes and citrus fruits （柑橘类水果).
Vitamin C is needed for strong bones and teeth. The body stores little vitamin C. So we must get it every day in foods such as citrus fruits, tomatoes and uncooked cabbage.
Vitamin D prevents the children’s bone disease rickets （佝偻病）. Ultraviolet light from the sun changes a substance in the skin into vitamin D. Fish liver oil also contains vitamin D.
Vitamin K is needed for healthy blood. It thickens the blood around a cut to stop bleeding. It can also be found in pork products, liver and in vegetables like cabbage, kale and spinach （菠菜）.
Vitamins are important to our health. A lack of required vitamins can lead to health problems.
【1】What is the main idea of the passage?
A. There are thirteen kinds of vitamins in total.
B. One can not live without enough vitamins.
C. Vitamins can carry out chemical changes within cells.
D. Enough vitamins are vital to keep healthy.
【2】 Women who wish to become mothers should take in ________.
A. vitamin A B. vitamin B-1
C. vitamin B-12 D. vitamin C
【3】What can change a substance in the skin into vitamin D?
A. Fish liver oil.
B. Ultraviolet light from the sun.
C. Fresh milk drunk by people.
D. Doing a certain amount of exercise.
【4】According to the passage, taking in enough vitamin C can ________.
A. make our eyesight better
B. help to stop bleeding
C. make our bones and teeth strong
D. help produce red blood cells
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A．人口数量 B．人口构成
C．人口合理容量 D．城市化水平
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（3）材料二表明，人口老龄化、高龄化对社会经济发展的影响_______；_______
（4）面对日益严重的老龄化、高龄化问题，我国已经放宽生育控制,实施“单独二胎”政策，对此，你是否赞成？理由是什么？
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【题目】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Secret codes (密码)keep messages private。Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.
People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 【1】 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.
There are three main types of cryptography. 【2】 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”
【3】 You might represent each letter with a number, For example, Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.”
A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 【4】 For example “bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 【5】 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.
A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.
B.In any language, some letters are used more than others.
C.Only people who know the keyword can read the message.
D.As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.
E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.
F.With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.
G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.
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