【题目】在1787年宪法制定中,一次华盛顿与杰斐逊共进早餐,杰斐逊问,为什么要设参议院?华盛顿反问道,你为什么把咖啡倒进浅碟里?杰斐逊说是为了使咖啡凉下来。华盛顿说,既然如此,我们也可以把法案放入参议院的浅碟里降降温嘛。这则小故事表明美国设立参议院是为了
A.限制民主 B.防止谬误
C.强化中央集权 D.保障国会权力
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【题目】2018年2月16日是农历春节,春节就是农历一月初一。一月古时本来又叫“政月”,到了秦朝为了避皇帝嬴政的讳,就把“政月”改为“正月”,“正”字的读音也为“征”了。这说明皇帝制度的主要特征是
A.中央集权 B.神权与王权相结合
C.独断性和随意性 D.皇权至上,皇帝独尊
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【题目】1800年,美国总统、联邦党人亚当斯要求政见不同的内阁成员皮克林辞职,遭到皮克林拒绝,于是亚当斯将其免职。皮克林因此成为美国历史上第一位被总统免职的内阁成员。亚当斯此举
A.加强了联邦政府的行政权力 B.体现了总统与内阁之间权限不明
C.行使了宪法赋予总统的职权 D.反映了联邦党与其他党派的斗争
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【题目】数学史专家钱宝琮(1892—1974)深入研究《九章算术》后,认为《九章算术》的编纂者对待数学的态度是:“掌握数学知识的人应该满足于能够解答生活实践中提出的应用问题,数学的理论虽属可知,但很难全部搞清楚,学者应该有适可而止的态度。”对此,下列理解正确的是
A.钱宝琮认为科研应该适可而止
B.数学知识很难适用于生活实践
C.《九章算术》的实用性相对有限
D.中国古代科学缺乏理论性深究
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【题目】在文化史家的眼中,宋诗是一个思虑精微的宇宙。在这个宇宙中,宋人忘象得意,以意索理,冷静地对外在物象展开概念化思考,进而从凝思中省悟到人生和宇宙的底蕴。宋诗的这一特色
A.反映宋加强了专制集权统治
B.表现了中国文人的精神气节
C.受到了程朱理学的深刻影响
D.满足了市民阶层的精神需求
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【题目】达尔文进化论使人们不再把动物和植物之间、动物和人类之间的区别看作是绝对和神圣的,主要原因是达尔文进化论
A.是时代进步的综合产物
B.说明了生物物种是由简单的物种发展演化而来的
C.打破了上帝造人的神话
D.改变了绝大多数人对生物界和人类在生物界中位置的看法
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【题目】The bus was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of ______ carrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they had bought there.
A.them B.who C.whom D.which
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【题目】D
In this season for thanks and giving, even the most thoughtful children may not offer much gratitude for what they receive. And you’d be wise not to expect it. All the research I’ve done has convinced me that it’s not going to happen.
As parents, we don’t consider our holiday gifts an “exchange relationship” since we know the time, money, and effort we put in to buy them. But kids have a different view. One mom told me that when she asked her 16-year-old son to thank her for buying him a cellphone, he said, “But that’s what moms should do, isn’t it?”
From a teenager’s view, it’s a parent’s responsibility to take care of the family, and playing Santa is part of the job. According to Yarrow Dunham, Yale’s assistant professor of Psychology, “When teenagers code it that way, a gift is no longer something given freely and voluntarily — it’s just mom and dad’s living up to their obligation.”
Kids can’t know how blessed they are unless they have a basis for comparison. We need to give our children the gift of a wider world view. Take them to a soup kitchen instead of to the mall. Become the secret Santa for a needy family. Show by example that gratitude isn’t about stuff — which ultimately can’t make any of us happy anyway. It’s about realizing how lucky you are.
Set up a family ritual at bedtime where kids describe three things that made them grateful. When kids go off to college, you can text them a picture of something that inspires your appreciation each week. Whether it’s a friend, a snowflake, or a sunset, the spirit of the photos will help you and them see the world differently.
Teaching children to focus on the positive and appreciate the goodness in their lives is perhaps the greatest gift we can give them. And we can all learn together that the things that really matter aren’t on sale at a department store.
【1】Children express no thanks for gifts because _______.
A. they regard them as an “exchange relationship”
B. they think badly of the gifts
C. children are not as considerate as adults
D. gifts are not what they expect
【2】Parents should make the kids know how blessed they are by _______.
A. buying them a cellphone
B. becoming the secret Santa for a needy family
C. taking them to a soap factory instead of to the mall
D. texting them a picture of something that inspires your appreciation each week
【3】To make children grateful for what they have, parents should _______.
A. set an example to children
B. teach them not to care about gifts
C. ask children to cook themselves
D. describe things they are grateful for
【4】As far as the author is concerned, no gifts are greater than _______.
A. helping kids see the world differently
B. learning together things that matter
C. teaching kids to think positively
D. making kids realize they are lucky
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【题目】阅读材料,完成下列要求。
材料 科学院要把科技大学办好,选数理化好的高中毕业生入学,不照顾干部子弟。这样做要是犯错误,我首先检讨。这不是复旧!一点外语知识、数理化知识也没有,还攀什么高峰?中峰也不行,低峰还有问题。我们有个危机,可能发生在教育部门,把整个现代化水平拖住了。比如我们提高工厂自动化水平,要增加科技人员,这就要靠教育。提高自动化水平,减少体力劳动,世界上发达国家不管是什么社会制度都是走这个道路。科技人员是不是劳动者?科学技术叫生产力,科技人员就是劳动者!
——1975年邓小平《关于科技工作的几个问题》
结合材料与所学的中国史的相关知识,围绕“科技、教育与生产力”自行拟定一个具体的论题,并就所拟论题进行简要阐述(要求:明确写出所拟论题,阐述须有史实依据)。
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