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【题目】下列为南亚、东南亚森林面积变化表。读表,完成下题。

分区域

面积(1000公顷)

年度变化(1000公顷)

年变化率(%)

1900

2000

2005

1990~2000

2000~2005

1990~2000

2000~2005

南亚

77551

79678

79239

213

-88

0.27

-0.11

东南亚

245605

217702

203887

-2790

-2763

-1.20

-1.30

【1】南亚、东南亚区域森林面积变化的形成原因及治理措施是

人口的快速增加,持续对种植业的依赖导致毁林开垦

经济快速增长下的采矿、基础设施建设和城市化发展等,占据大量林地

封山育林是恢复森林面积最快的措施

利用现代科技改良树种是防止森林破坏的有效途径

A. B. C. D.

【2】南亚、东南亚区域森林面积这种变化趋势对环境的影响有

A.土壤含水率上升

B.地下水储量增加

C.地表径流变化率减小

D.生物多样性减少

【答案】

【1】A

【2】D

【解析】

试题解析:

【1】南亚、东南亚人口稠密、增长快,经济虽快速发展但平均水平较低,导致毁林开垦和采矿、基础设施建设和城市化发展等毁林现象并存。植树造林是恢复森林面积最快的措施;毁林主要是人为的砍伐,良种对此无效。选A。

【2】森林减少,会造成涵养水源能力下降、土壤含水率下降、地下水储量减小、地表径流变化率增加。选D。

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