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【题目】(5分)在半径R=5 000 km的某星球表面,宇航员做了如下实验,实验装置如图甲所示,竖直平面内的光滑轨道由轨道AB和圆弧轨道BC组成,将质量m=0.2 kg的小球从轨道AB上高H处的某点静止滑下,用力传感器测出小球经过C点时对轨道的压力F,改变H的大小,可测出相应F的大小,F随H的变化如图乙所示。求:

(1)圆轨道的半径。

(2)该星球的第一宇宙速度。

【答案】(1)r=0.2 m (2)

【解析】(1)小球过C点时有:(1分)

对小球从出发到C点,由动能定理得:

联立①②得:(1分)

由图可知:当H1=0.5 m时,F1=0 N,解得:r=0.2 m

当H2=1.0 m时,F1=5 N,解得:g=5 m/s2(1分)

(2)对该行星表面的附近的卫星有:(1分)

解得:(1分)

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