【题目】阅读材料,完成下列要求。
材料一 郑观应不仅自觉地运用儒家民本思想去解读西方民主政治的历史文化和思想学说,而且有意地借用民本思想的话语来为民主思想在中国的传播和民主政制在中国的推行,保驾护航,指出议院、立宪、君民一体,是西方各国富强之本,主张在中国设议院、行立宪、伸民权、实行君民共主。
——胡波《同光时期郑观应民本思想初探》
材料二 康有为对欧美各国的政体进行了比较研究后认为:中国应“于宪政中,君民共治,君民交益,即君主立宪,”且“旧制行之数千年,实人心国命所寄,纪纲法度虽有积弊,只可去其太甚,以渐行之。如尽去之,人心国命无所寄,则荡然不乱耳。”
材料三 政治制度,必然得自根自生。纵使有些可以从国外移来,也必然先与其本国传统有一番融合媾通,才能真实发挥相当的作用。否则,无生命的政治,无配合的制度,绝然无法长成。
——钱穆《中国历代政治得失》
(1)根据材料一,概括郑观应的思想观点。
(2)根据材料二并结合所学知识,指出康有为的政治主张,并分析影响其政治主张的因素。
(3)综合上述材料并结合19世纪末以前的史实,指出能够体现出西方现代文化和中国传统文化相融合的近代中国思想与实践。
【答案】(1)郑观应主张学习西方,实行君主立宪制。
(2)主张:在渐进中建立君主立宪制度。因素:中国长期君主专制的历史传统;中国当时的社会阻力;英国君主立宪制的成功实践;近代西方启蒙思想和政治学说传入中国。
(3)洋务派提出“中体西用”的主张,开展洋务运动;维新派把西方政治学说与儒家思想相结合,为维新变法提供理论依据,掀起戊戌变法。
【解析】(1)本题考查学生阅读材料提取信息的能力。根据材料“郑观应不仅自觉地运用儒家民本思想去解读西方民主政治的历史文化和思想学说,而且有意地借用民本思想的话语来为民主思想在中国的传播和民主政制在中国的推行”进行分析,并结合中国早期维新思想概括出郑观应的思想的内容即可。
(2)本题考查学生阅读材料提取信息的能力。据材料“于宪政中,君民共治,君民交益,即君主立宪”、“只可去其太甚,以渐行之。如尽去之,人心国命无所寄,则荡然不乱耳”可知,康有为主张在渐进中建立君主立宪制。据材料“旧制行之数千年,实人心国命所寄,纪纲法度虽有积弊”并结合所学知识得出其原因。
(3)本题需要注意题干的时间限制,所选史实必须体现中外融合。结合所学知识可知,地主阶级洋务派主张学习西方的科技,以维护腐朽落后的清王朝的统治;维新派康有为把西方先进的政治学说与儒家思想相结合,宣传变法的合理性,都体现了中外文化的融合特点。
科目:高中地理 来源: 题型:
【题目】【2015·天津】A
University Room Regulations
Approved and Prohibited Items
The following items are approved for use in residential (住宿的) rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players. Items that are not allowed in student rooms include: candles, ceiling fans, fireworks, waterbeds, sun lamps and wireless routers. Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.
Access to Residential Rooms Students are provided with a combination (组合密码) for their room door locks upon check-in. Do not share your room door lock combination with anyone. The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others. The fee is $25 to change a room combination.
Cooking Policy Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen. Students must clean up after cooking. This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff. Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use. With the exception of using a small microwave oven (微波炉) to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms. Pet Policy No pets except fish are permitted in student rooms. Students who are found with pets, whether visiting or owned by the student, are subject to an initial fine of $100 and a continuing fine of $50 a day per pet. Students receive written notice when the fine goes into effect. If, one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is referred to the Student Court. Quiet Hours Residential buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the academic mission of the University. Minimum quiet hours in all campus residences are 11:00 pm to 8:00 am Sunday through Thursday. Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1:00 am to 8:00 am. Students who violate quiet hours are subject to a fine of $25.
【1】Which of the following items are allowed in student rooms?
A. Ceiling fans and waterbeds.
B. Wireless routers and radios.
C. Hair dryers and candles.
D. TVs and electric blankets.
【2】What if a student is found to have told his combination to others?
A. The combination should be changed.
B. The Office should be charged.
C. He should replace the door lock.
D. He should check out of the room.
【3】What do we know about the cooking policy?
A. A microwave oven can be used.
B. Cooking in student rooms is permitted.
C. A housekeeper is to clean up the kitchen.
D. Students are to close kitchen doors after cooking.
【4】If a student has kept a cat in his room for a week since the warning, he will face _____.
A. parent visits
B. a fine of $100
C. the Student Court
D. a written notice
【5】When can students enjoy a party in residences?
A. 7:00 am, Sunday.
B. 7:30 am, Thursday.
C. 11:30 pm, Monday.
D. 00:30 am, Saturday.
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科目:高中地理 来源: 题型:
【题目】【2015·陕西】第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从下框的A~F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。
A. The mistaken belief
B. The need for tolerance
C. Unpunctuality at dinners
D. Punctuality and confidence
E. Self-discipline and punctuality
F. Avoid anxiety by being punctual
【1】
There is the belief that, if you arrive at an appointment late, you will be considered important. This is a mistaken view. Being unpunctual, we are not respectful of others ; we are interfering (扰乱)with another man's time. We must realise that keeping appointments or being punctual is a contract that is silently agreed and we are expected to respect this contract. It is only natural that we lose faith, trust and confidence in a person who is tardy(延迟的).
【2】
To be punctual one has to have self-discipline(自律), and the lack of it affects others. A school boy or girl is unpunctual because he or she does not have the necessary human virtue of self-discipline. It is also a mark of disrespect for a system or an institution. Unpunctual people seldom realise that their habit cause problems to others. A salesman who is not punctual may not make a sale if he arrives late for an appointment. If one is late for a job interview, it is not likely that he will get the job.
【3】
Being punctual, we can avoid anxiety. Imagine the anxiety if you do not want to be considered unpunctual. You will be anxious if you set out for a dinner late. The person who sets out late might be careless in driving. He will ignore traffic rules. A traffic jam, flat tyres, etc. can delay him further. Happy and calm is the man who takes all these possibilities into consideration and arrives at the appointment either early or on time.
【4】
Many of those who attend dinners are notorious (声名狼藉的)for unpunctuality. They ignore the appointed time and leave their homes only after the fixed time. They are indifferent to the inconvenience caused to others. If the self-centred guest arrives late, the nine others at the table set for ten will have to wait. The host is put in an unpleasant situation and this man seldom thinks of the inconvenience caused to all -the waiters, the management staff, etc. It is necessary for us to think of others and be considerate to them.
【5】
However, we cannot always be intolerant (无法容忍的) of tardiness, for ordinary living requires some tolerance. There can be a busy executive who fights to keep to his schedule. Such a person may be forgiven if he is late, but not those who are deliberately late to create impression.
In modern society, punctuality is a necessary virtue. It is a recognition of the importance of other people.
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科目:高中地理 来源: 题型:
【题目】阅读材料,完成下列要求。
材料 —份护照
《天津条约》签订后,游历护照开始出现。通商口岸的外国人从领事馆取得护照,经当地海关道盖印,即可凭此护照进入内地游历。以下是一份护照的主要内容:
本领事遵行两国议定和约章程第八款,内载:准许法国人请照赴内地游历等因。兹有本国人名□□请照赴十八省游历,本领事深知系我国良民,为此给照,准其前往。故请烦大清执政大臣及各省文武官员验照放行,丝毫不得留难,并望以宾礼相待,随时照料,庶臻妥协,以示照给本咸遵约章毋违,永垂不朽也。
(1)根据材料和所学知识,指出除法国外,与清政府签订《天津条约》的其他国家。
(2)根据材料和所学知识,分析当时外国人持这类护照游历的弊端。
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【题目】中国是世界文化遗产大国,五千年绵延不断的中华文明史留下了数量众多、异彩纷呈的物质和非物质文化遗产。阅读材料,回答问题。
材料一 农历新年——春节,是中国人古老而隆重的传统节日。经过几千年的发展变化。它在今天仍然是国人心中辞旧迎新的期盼,迎禧接福的祝愿,家人团聚的温馨。而这样一个重要的节日,在上世纪二三十年代,却被当作落后民俗险遭废止。民国政府为了“与国际接轨”,先是采用西历,后又强令废除农历新年,但最终拗不过民情,没能“革”掉春节的“命”。
(1)依据材料,运用《文化生活》知识,谈对中国传统文化的认识。
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【题目】某电子商务公司只用了6年时间,就以每年300%的速度超越行业对手。该公司的成功秘诀是坚持以“产品、价格、服务”为中心的发展战略,坚持“先人后企”的发展理念,并与众多供应商签署战略合作协议,成立诚信联盟;建立自有快递公司,提高库存周转率,节约了成本,从而提升了公司的竞争力;推出了“价格保护”“延保服务”等举措,最大限度地解决消费者的后顾之忧。该公司文化就是把自己的企业做好,为社会提供更好的产品和服务。该公司坚持照章纳税,努力增加就业机会,扩大社会财富。
结合上述材料,运用经济生活知识分析该公司成功的秘诀。
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【题目】材料一 民族精神是民族文化最本质、最集中的体现。以爱国主义为核心的民族精神,既植根于我国优秀民族文化传统之中,又同我们党领导人民在长期革命、建设和改革中形成的优良革命传统相融合,深深熔铸在我们的民族意识、民族品格、民族气质之中,熔铸在我们民族的生命力、凝聚力和创造力之中,成为各族人民团结一心、共同奋斗的价值取向和力量源泉。
材料二 时代精神体现社会发展方向,引领时代进步潮流。以改革创新为核心的时代精神,是马克思主义与时俱进的理论品格、中华民族富于进取的思想品格与改革开放和社会主义现代化建设实践相结合的伟大成果,已经深深地融入我国经济、政治、文化、社会建设的各个方面,成为各族人民不断开创中国特色社会主义事业新局面的强大精神力量。
运用“民族精神”和“时代精神”的相关知识,谈谈你对上述材料的正确认识。
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【题目】2017年4月23日是第22个世界读书日。一本好书是一本财富,好的文学作品像蓝天上的阳光、春季里的清风一样可以净化人的灵魂,培养人的健全人格。这形象地说明
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