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【题目】

They drove along with all the car windows .

A. wound up

B. winding on

C. winded up

D, wind up

【答案】A

【解析】 句意:他们关闭了全部车窗行驶。wind up关闭(车窗)。wind up与windows之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词表被动,wind的过去分词为wound,故选A。

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【题目】阅读下面的文字,完成各题。

李叔同早年的艺术追求

1904年,24岁的李叔同参加了沪学会,沪学会里有乐歌课,教授西方现代乐理及西洋作曲法。李叔同天资聪颖,很多时间内学会了作曲。他以民间的《老八板》为乐调,创作了一首乐歌《祖国歌》:上下数千年,一脉延,文明莫与肩。纵横数万里,膏腴地,独享天然利。国是世界最古国,民是亚洲大国民。呜呼,大国民!呜呼,唯我大国民!幸生珍世界,琳琅十倍增声价。我将骑狮越昆仑,驾鹤飞渡太平洋,谁与我仗剑挥刀?呜呼,大国民!谁与我鼓吹庆升平!《祖国歌》词曲豪迈,极富感染力,经沪学会首唱,很快唱红全国。李叔同首次展现他的音乐才能,便一举成为闻名全国的乐歌作者。

1906年9月李叔同考入东京美术学校学习油画,期间,他还在东京音乐学校兼修音乐理论与钢琴课。他在自己创办的音乐刊物《音乐小杂志》的序言中写道:盖琢磨道德,促社会之健全;陶冶性情,感精神之粹美。《音乐小杂志》的扉页,是李叔同的木炭画《贝多芬像》,这是中国人绘制的第一幅贝多芬像。

李叔同留学日本五年,成就斐然,最广为人知的莫过于与同学曾延年一起创立中国最早的话剧社——春柳社,演出《茶花女》《黑奴吁天录》等,开中国话剧之先河。早在天津少年时代,李叔同对演戏就怀有浓厚的兴趣,读书之余,常去戏园学戏。在南洋公学读书时,他便粉墨登场,演出过京剧《黄天霸》《白水滩》等。与写作《祖国歌》几乎同时,沪学会演出新戏《文野婚姻》,剧本即出自李叔同的笔端,传作该剧时他还赋诗明志:誓度众生成佛界,为现歌台说法身。孟旃不作吾道绝,中原滚地皆胡尘。先他四年到日本留学的鲁迅因受日俄战争幻灯画片的刺激,觉悟到医治精神上的麻木比医治身体上的病弱更为重要,于是决定弃医从文。这与李叔同欲以演戏唤醒民众、文艺救国的理想有异曲同工之处。传说春柳社演出话剧《黑奴吁天录》时,鲁迅就曾在台下观看。李叔同曾将自己在日本读过的一本《莎士比亚剧作选》送给丰子恺,上面密密麻麻布满笔记,可见其曾用功研读,对话剧早有准备。春柳社公演《茶花女》时,李叔同饰演茶花女玛格丽特。后来成为著名戏剧家的欧阳予倩,当时还是台下的一名学生观众。他回忆道:这一回的表演可以说是中国人演话剧最初的一次,我当时所受的刺激很深……我就入了春柳社。

回国后,李叔同担任上海《太平洋报》的编辑,负责画报副刊。李叔同开设了西洋画法专栏,以连载的形式介绍石膏写生、木炭、油画等技法。著名画家吕凤子先生推李叔同为中国传统绘画改良运动第一人,称李先生应是民国以来第一位把西洋绘画思想引介于我国,进而启发了我国传统绘画需要的改良思潮,而后的刘海粟、徐悲鸿等在实质上都是接受了李先生的影响,进而成为中国传统绘画运动的推动者。对于此论,刘、徐二人都是认可的。

任教浙江省立第一师范学校期间,李叔同教学成就斐然,著名画家丰子恺、著名音乐家刘质平等都是李叔同这个时期的弟子。李叔同在浙一师六年,继续开文艺风气之先:最早撰写欧洲文学史。他在浙一师创办《向阳》杂志,以此为阵地广泛介绍西洋文学艺术,其中的《近世欧洲文学之概观》一文是中国人撰写的最早的一部欧洲文学史;最早倡导木刻艺术,李叔同和夏丏尊发起成立漫画会和乐石社,指导学生研习木刻和金石技法,并印制中国最早的现代木刻版画集——《木刻画集》,李叔同因此被称为中国木刻艺术的先驱;创作中国第一首分声部合唱歌曲——《送别》:长亭外,古道边,芳草碧连天,晚风扶柳笛声残,夕阳山外山。天之涯,地之角,知交半零落,一壶浊酒尽余欢,今宵别梦寒。这首曲调源于美国歌曲《梦见家和母亲》,由李叔同填词的歌曲,多次成为电影的主题歌或插曲,流传甚广。

(摘编自瓦当《慈悲旅人——李叔同传》)

【相关链接】

李叔同(1880-1942),中国戏剧家、艺术教育家、文学家、书画家。浙江平湖人,生于天津。出身于清进士、盐商家庭。擅长书画篆刻,工诗词。作有歌曲《春游》、《早秋》等,并采用外国歌曲配制新词作为学堂乐歌教材,如《送别》、《西湖》等。1918年在杭州虎跑寺出家,法名演音,号弘一,后专研戒律。

(摘自《辞海》第六版)

任杭教职六年,兼任南京高师顾问者二年,及门数千,遍及江浙,英才蔚出,私心大慰。弘扬文艺之事,至此已可作一结束。

(节选自1922年出家后李叔同写给侄子李圣章的信)

【1】下列理解和分析,不符合原文意思的一项是(

A.李叔同自己填词创作了《祖国歌》,抒发了作为中国人的自豪感,也表达了对祖国的现实与未来的忧虑,李叔同凭这首歌曲闻名全国。

B.李叔同能够在话剧艺术方面开中国话剧的先河并产生较大影响,与他年少时对演戏的浓厚兴趣有关,更与他用功研读名家剧作密不可分。

C.在中国传统绘画改良运动中,李叔同贡献巨大,正是受到他的影响,刘海粟、徐悲鸿等人成为了中国传统绘画运动的推动者。

D.《送别》的歌词,清新淡雅,情真意挚,凄美柔婉。歌词造句长短参差,句式充满变化。李叔同借用西方的曲调,写出了极具中国风格的歌曲。

【2】下列对上述材料的概括和分析,最为恰当的两项是(

A.留学日本期间,李叔同与曾延年共同创立了中国最早的话剧社,并演出了《黑奴吁天录》《茶花女》《白水滩》等剧作,产生了较大影响。

B.在《音乐小杂志》的序言中,李叔同表达了自己的艺术追求,他希望用音乐陶冶人们的性情,通过音乐的传播促进社会道德的进步。

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D.为了改变中国人的精神,鲁迅弃医从文并赴日留学研究艺术,李叔同曾与他共同探讨话剧艺术,鲁迅也曾观看过李叔同的表演。

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【3】李叔同对中国艺术的贡献主要体现在哪些方面?请结合材料简要分析。

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