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    【题目】夏季干旱地区的绿洲、湖泊最高气温比其毗邻的沙漠戈壁低30℃左右，这是由于周围戈壁沙漠的高温气流在大气的平流作用下，被带到绿洲、湖泊上空，形成了一个上热下冷的大气结构，形成一种温润凉爽的小气候，这种现象就称之为“冷岛效应”。据此完成下列问题。

    【1】“冷岛效应”形成的根本原因是

    A．受控大气环流的差异 B．阳光照射强弱的差异

    C．绿洲与沙漠热力性质差异 D．绿洲与沙漠距海远近不同

    【2】“冷岛效应”会使绿洲地区

    A．年降水量增多 B．热量交换变缓

    C．水汽蒸发加快 D．地面风速增强

    【答案】

    【1】C

    【2】B

    【解析】

    试题分析：

    【1】根据题干“周围戈壁沙漠的高温气流在大气的平流作用下，被带到绿洲和湖泊上空，形成了一个上热下冷的大气结构”，则其中“戈壁沙漠的高温气流”是由于戈壁沙漠、绿洲比热容大小，根本原因是热力性质差异,C对。“冷岛效应”并没有形成大气环流，而是形成一个逆温层，A错。绿洲和湖泊、沙漠所在地一样，因此距海远近和阳光照射相同，BD错。故选C。

    【2】绿洲、湖泊上空的“冷岛效应”，使下层冷空气得以保持稳定，热量交换减缓，B对。下层冷空气，气温低，抑制了植物的蒸腾和地面的蒸发，C错。但水汽蒸发量减少，且高温气流在上层较难形成降温条件，所以年降水量减少，A错。大气结构稳定，地面风速也随着减弱，D错。故选B。

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