【题目】(7分)请根据以下实验过程,回答有关问题。
实验过程:
①切取洋葱根尖2~3 mm,浸在质量分数为8%的盐酸中,在30 ℃的条件下水解10 min。
②用清水冲洗根尖,再将其放入甲基绿吡罗红染色剂中染色10 min。
③取出根尖,放在载玻片上,用镊子尖端捣碎,放上盖玻片,再放上载玻片,用手指轻压载玻片,以分散细胞。
④取下盖玻片上面的载玻片,镜检。
(1)在显微镜下会看到根尖细胞中的________被染成绿色,原因是_____________________________________________;________被染成红色,原因是____________________________________________________________________。
(2)通过该实验能得出什么结论?____________________________________________________。
(3)用人的血液制作血涂片观察红细胞,能看到上述现象吗?为什么?_________________________________________________________________________________。
【答案】(除标明外,每空1分,共7分)
(1)细胞核 甲基绿使细胞核中的DNA呈现绿色 细胞质 吡罗红使细胞质中的RNA呈现红色
(2)DNA主要分布在细胞核中,RNA主要分布在细胞质中
(3)不能,因为人的成熟红细胞中无细胞核(2分)
【解析】解答此题用到的知识:一是“观察DNA和RNA在细胞中的分布”的实验原理、结论,二是实验材料选取的注意事项。具体分析:(1)DNA主要分布在细胞核中,RNA主要分布在细胞质中。甲基绿可使DNA呈绿色,吡罗红可使RNA呈红色,因此有DNA和RNA分布的结构被吡罗红甲基绿染色剂染色后会呈现出相应的颜色。(2)通过颜色反应可推知DNA主要分布在细胞核中,RNA主要分布在细胞质中。(3)洋葱根尖细胞有细胞核,而人成熟红细胞无细胞核,也无RNA的合成,所以不能看到相应的颜色反应。
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