【题目】【2016-2017学年度苏锡常镇四市高三教学情况调研(二)】
已知数列满足,,其中,,为非零常数.
(1)若,,求证:为等比数列,并求数列的通项公式;
(2)若数列是公差不等于零的等差数列.
①求实数,的值;
②数列的前项和构成数列,从中取不同的四项按从小到大排列组成四项子数列.试问:是否存在首项为的四项子数列,使得该子数列中的所有项之和恰好为2017?若存在,求出所有满足条件的四项子数列;若不存在,请说明理由.
【答案】(1)(2)①,,.②,,
【解析】
解:(1)当,时,,
.
又,不然,这与矛盾,
为2为首项,3为公比的等比数列,
,.
(2)①设,
由得,
,
对任意恒成立.
令,2,3,解得,,,.
经检验,满足题意.
综上,,,.
②由①知.
设存在这样满足条件的四元子列,观察到2017为奇数,这四项或者三个奇数一个偶数、或者一个奇数三个偶数.
1°若三个奇数一个偶数,设,,,是满足条件的四项,
则,
,这与1007为奇数矛盾,不合题意舍去.
2°若一个奇数三个偶数,设,,,是满足条件的四项,
则,.
由504为偶数知,,,中一个偶数两个奇数或者三个偶数.
1)若,,中一个偶数两个奇数,不妨设,,,
则,这与251为奇数矛盾.
2)若,,均为偶数,不妨设,,,
则,继续奇偶分析知,,中两奇数一个偶数,
不妨设,,,则.
因为,均为偶数,所以为奇数,不妨设,
当时,,,检验得,,,
当时,,,检验得,,,
当时,,,检验得,,,
即,,,或者,,,或者,,,满足条件,
综上所述,,,为全部满足条件的四元子列.
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