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【题目】【2016-2017学年度苏锡常镇四市高三教学情况调研(二)】

已知数列满足,其中为非零常数.

(1)若,求证:为等比数列,并求数列的通项公式;

(2)若数列是公差不等于零的等差数列.

求实数的值;

数列的前项和构成数列,从中取不同的四项按从小到大排列组成四项子数列.试问:是否存在首项为的四项子数列,使得该子数列中的所有项之和恰好为2017?若存在,求出所有满足条件的四项子数列;若不存在,请说明理由.

【答案】(1)(2)①.②

【解析】

解:(1)当时,

.

,不然,这与矛盾,

为2为首项,3为公比的等比数列,

.

(2)①设

对任意恒成立.

,2,3,解得,.

经检验,满足题意.

综上,.

②由①知.

设存在这样满足条件的四元子列,观察到2017为奇数,这四项或者三个奇数一个偶数、或者一个奇数三个偶数.

1°若三个奇数一个偶数,设是满足条件的四项,

,这与1007为奇数矛盾,不合题意舍去.

2°若一个奇数三个偶数,设是满足条件的四项,

.

由504为偶数知,中一个偶数两个奇数或者三个偶数.

1)若中一个偶数两个奇数,不妨设

,这与251为奇数矛盾.

2)若均为偶数,不妨设

,继续奇偶分析知中两奇数一个偶数,

不妨设,则.

因为均为偶数,所以为奇数,不妨设

时,,检验得

时,,检验得

时,,检验得

或者或者满足条件,

综上所述,为全部满足条件的四元子列.

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