【题目】阅读材料,完成下列要求。
材料一 目前俄国的特点是从革命的第一阶段过渡到革命的第二阶段,第一阶段由于无产阶级的觉悟性和组织性不够,政权落到了资产阶级手中,第二阶段则应当使政权转到无产阶级和贫苦农民阶层手中。……不要议会制共和国,而要从下到上由全国的工人、雇农和农民代表苏维埃组成的共和国。
——列宁《论无产阶级在这次革命中的任务》
材料二 列宁认为,不能采取一般的暴力方式推翻资产阶级临时政府。因为这样做会同支持临时政府的苏维埃发生对立,会脱离群众。列宁提出的口号是“不给临时政府以任何支持”和“全部政权归苏维埃”。然后再在苏维埃内部开展斗争,把小资产阶级政党排除出苏维埃,建立无产阶级专政。列宁认为革命之所以能够和平发展,因为武器掌握在人民手中,没有外力压制人民。
——吴于廑、齐世荣《世界史》
材料三 中央委员会认为,俄国革命的国际形势(德国海军中的起义,这是世界社会主义革命在全欧洲增长的最高表现;其次,帝国主义为扼杀俄国革命而媾和的威胁)和军事形势(俄国资产阶级和克伦斯基之流已经明确地把彼得格勒让给德国人),无产阶级政党在苏维埃中获得了多数,再加上农民起义和人民转而信任我们的党,以及第二次科尔尼洛夫叛乱显然已在准备,——这一切把武装起义提到日程上来了。
——《俄国社会民主工党(布)中央委员会关于武装起义的决议》
试结合三则材料内容及所学知识从革命形势、革命策略和结果三个方面简要分析俄国布尔什维克党由二月革命到十月革命过渡中革命策略的变化。
【答案】:形势:二月革命后两个政权并存,资产阶级民主革命过渡到社会主义革命。
革命策略:由和平过渡发展到武装起义,由资产阶级民主革命过渡到社会主义革命。
结果:实现了资产阶级民主革命到社会主义革命的过渡,十月革命胜利。
【解析】本题以俄国由二月革命到十月革命过渡中,布尔什维克党革命策略的变化为切入点。试题围绕俄国革命由和平过渡发展到武装起义选取材料,要求从二月革命后的形势分析这种革命策略变化的必要性,从结果方面看这种革命策略变化的意义。在分析形势时,必须从二月革命后的政权角度思考,由于二月革命发生后,俄国两个政权并存,这就意味着俄国二月革命的性质是资产阶级民主革命,因此,俄国存在着需要进行社会主义革命的可能性和必然性。十月革命前的这种形势,使俄国无产阶级革命策略发生了变化。这种变化推动了十月革命的发生。
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