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【题目】阅读下列材料,回答问题。(12分)

材料一和硕县位于天山南麓,焉耆盆地东北部,年总日照时数为2990小时,无霜期平均210天,年均温11.4,年均降水量为58.6毫米。近年来和硕县开始实施减白增红策略,即减少棉花播种面积,增加西红柿、辣椒等红色农业经济作物,积极发展生态农业,大大增加了农民的收入……

材料二2009年5月30日中新网新疆报道:新疆和硕县农民马玉民种了十多年棉花,他也许没有想到,原来怎么种植,棉花亩产量也只能达到150公斤左右,可是2008年,他的棉花亩产竟翻了一番,其法宝就是实施了滴灌……

(1)试分析新疆和硕县发展农业生产的有利自然条件及主要的制约因素。(6分)

(2)近几年新疆和硕的特色农业种植规模日益扩大,试分析其有利的社会经济条件。(6分)

【答案】

(1)有利自然条件:光照充足;地形平坦;土壤较肥沃;灌溉水源充足。(4分)主要的制约因素:气候干旱,降水少。(2分)

(2)交通运输条件逐步改善,市场需求量扩大,政府的政策支持,科技进步(品种的改良或灌溉技术的改进等)。

【解析】

试题分析:

(1)本题考查影响农业生产的自然条件,主要从气候(光照、气温、降水)、地形、土壤、水源等方面分析。结合当地的地理位置,身居内陆,降水稀少,光照充足;从地形上分析,地形平坦;土壤深厚较肥沃;绿洲地区,灌溉水源充足。干旱少雨,降水少,农业生产的水分条件的较差。

(2)本题考查影响农业生产的社会经济因素,主要包括交通、政策、市场、科技等方面分析。交通运输条件逐步改善,市场需求量扩大,政府的政策支持,科技进步(品种的改良或灌溉技术的改进等)。

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