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【题目】 阅读下列材料,回答问题。(11分)

材料一 河南许昌拥有大大小小近百家发制品企业,是世界上最大发制品生产基地,一直占据着美国发制品市场份额的65%以上。许昌发制品的加工生产由家庭作坊走入了现代化的工厂,产品也由原料型的档发,发展到人发和化纤发两大系列,包括了假发、曲发、发帘、发条、发块、色发等6大类500多个品种。通过2000多个收购和销售网点,印度、俄罗斯、越南等地以及中国各地的人发被源源不断地运到许昌,经过许昌姑娘的精心梳理,变成了各种漂亮的发制品,又运往美国、西欧、韩国、日本、俄罗斯、非洲等几十个国家和地区。

材料二 假发生产大约需要整毛、分量、双针机制、机卷造型、蒸汽定型、造型处理、烘干、帽网制作、头皮仿制、手工织发、修补、发型修剪、产品包装等20多道生产工序。

1)假发生产属于______________导向型工业,许昌大力发展假发生产的最大优势是_________________。(2分)

2)根据材料一,简要说出影响假发生产的因素主要有哪些?结合材料分析以上因素对工业生产的影响是如何变化的?(5分)

3)许昌发制品生产基地拥有大大小小近百家发制品企业,假发生产企业之间具有_____________上的工业联系,这些企业大量集聚的优点有哪些?(4分)

【答案】

1)劳动力 成本 2分)

2)劳动力、原料、交通、信息、科技、市场等(2分)(至少写4个)

假发原料的多样化,表明原料对假发生产的影响越来越小;(1分)

假发原料来源于世界各地,市场面向不同国家,表明交通、科技、市场和信息对假发生产的影响越来越重要;(1分)

假发生产方式的变化和产品的多样化,假发生产对劳动力的数量需求将会减少,对劳动力素质的要求会增强。(1分)

3)生产工序(1分)

加强企业间的信息交流和技术协作,降低中间产品的运输费用和能源消耗,进而降低生产成本,获得规模效益;共同利用基础设施,获取规模效益。(答三点)(3)

【解析】

试题分析:1)假发生产需要大量的劳动力,属于劳动力导向型工业,许昌大力发展假发生产的最大优势是有大量的廉价的劳动力,可以降低生产成本。

2)根据材料一可以看出影响假发生产的因素主要有劳动力、原料、交通、信息、科技、市场等。

假发原料的多样化,表明原料对假发生产的影响越来越小;假发原料来源于世界各地,市场面向不同国家,表明交通、科技、市场和信息对假发生产的影响越来越重要。假发生产方式的变化和产品的多样化,假发生产对劳动力的数量需求将会减少,对劳动力素质的要求会增强。

3)假发生产需要多道生产工序,它们之间的联系主要是生产上的联系。这些企业聚集在一起有利于加强企业间的信息交流和技术协作,降低中间产品的运输费用和能源消耗,进而降低生产成本,获得规模效益;共同利用基础设施,获取规模效益。

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