【题目】阅读下面的文字,完成下列各题。
朱友山
杨林海
在我们瓷片族中,朱友山绝对算得上一个大家。
朱友山玩瓷片的时候,根本没人意识到古代的碎瓷片能玩──他在市住建局上班,有一次去工地上量土方,忽然看见一个明代的土坑里挖出几块碎瓷片,拿到水下冲洗,他发现上面用青花画了一人一鹿。
朱友山觉得好玩,把它放进提包里。
有一次碰到个文博专家。文博专家懒懒地说了一句:“粗大明。”
什么意思呀?
明朝的民窑瓷器大多粗陋不堪。
朱友山当时只觉得这个瓷片好玩,并不知道它的朝代。
赶紧孙子一样地过去请教,人家告诉了他明朝的瓷器釉色和底足的特点。
说到上面的青花图案,人家启发他:你看这个人戴的官帽,再看这只鹿在哪里。
帽子很高,鹿在他的身后只露出一个头。
对了,这叫“高官(冠)厚(后)禄(鹿)”。
虽然粗──底足上沾满了瓷渣──可是胎薄釉厚,应该是读书人为求一个好口彩而使用的器物。
哦?
哦!
过去古玩行里有一句行话:瓷有毛,不值分毫。朱友山手里的只是个碗底儿,文博专家虽然说得头头是道,却也并没有觉得有多珍贵。
但是朱友山喜欢──喜欢,就留着玩呗,他用鞋盒盛好,拿一个小本子把文博专家的话工工整整地记下来。
再去工地量土方,烟呀酒的就免了。
工地上的甲方会事先把挖到的碎瓷片捡起来,清洗干净──放到他的自行车上。
等到别人意识到瓷片也算是个玩意儿的时候,朱友山已经收了十多年,他的瓷片已经有了几万片。
等到文庙的地摊上开始有瓷片卖的时候,朱友山已经有了几十万片。
虽然现在“瓷有毛,不值分毫”的话已经不再有人提起,但玩瓷片的人还是像写网络小说的作家一样不被重视──省古陶瓷研究会好歹同意在全省瓷片族中发展一名会员。朱友山成了当然的人选。
──古陶瓷研究会的专家那都是什么样的专家啊,人家吃过的盐比我们吃过的米还多呢。
那时候朱友山早已从工作岗位上退下来,我们一边送他去省里面试,一边嘱咐他:“人家愿意吸收你,实在是给了咱瓷片族大面儿了──见了专家们,咱得看人家的脸色行事。”
八十多岁的朱友山像个孩子似的一脸得意:“我懂,混社会我有一套──当年在住建局,有个领导说我不务正业,最后还不是被我摆得妥妥帖帖的?”
古陶瓷研究会的专家倒也没有接受我们孝敬的烟呀水呀,人家随手从博古架上捧出一只碗,请朱友山断代。
朱友山看看碗底,有刮削痕,中间有一个淡淡的凸起(行话:鸡心),笑了笑:“明朝的吧?”
“能不能再断得具体一点──明朝什么时期的呀?”
“明晚的──明朝的碗都有鸡心,早期的很重,到了中期,鸡心就不太强调了,这一件的鸡心已经近于无。”
原来是这样呀。
“孤证不证──我再来看看青花的发色。”朱友山接过碗来看膛里的图案。
“扑哧!”他笑了起来。
“这是明朝人的衣服被现代人穿了──在演戏呢。”
“啊?”我们能明显地感觉到一个专家的脸色变了:“这是我刚买的,虽然有些疑惑,但我没看出来是假的呀。”
“你当然看不出来。”我们拼命地朝朱友山使眼色,可他根本不管不顾,“这个碗的胎、釉、形制得都没问题──这是明代的素碗,价格不高,但是现代的窑工们得到后,又在碗心里画了青花,入窑再一次烧制而成。”
每个时期,烧制出的青花发色是不一样的。
这样呀。
我们在心里都暗暗地为片儿朱喝彩,我看到,专家们的脸上也流露出了赞许的微笑。
──看来朱友山进入省古陶瓷研究会是没问题了。
但是谁也没料到的结果出现了:那个买碗的专家出于对正品的洁癖,把碗扔到了外面的水泥地上。
就算是现代人在上面画了青花图案,可碗本身是明代的没错呀。
它能流传到今天,容易吗?
朱友山急白了脸。
那个碗碎成了十八瓣荷花,但幸亏碗底子还是好的。
朱友山捡起碗底,对我们说:“我不想加入这个古陶瓷研究会了,我们回去吧。”
(选自2017年第1期《小小说月刊》)
【1】下列对小说有关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏,最恰当的一项是( )
A.朱友山本在住建局上班, 在一词偶然的机会中玩上了古瓷片,从此一发不可收,成为专职玩家,并且堪称瓷片族中的大家。
B.小说在描写主人公朱友山时,综合运用了语言、动作、神情、肖像以及细节描写等多种方法,从而将其形象塑造得栩栩如生。
C.小说在描写主人公朱友山面试经过时,巧妙运用侧面衬托法,通过刻画“我们”的心理感受和专家的表现来展现朱友山的性格特点。
D.小说语言自然流畅,简练传神,如“哦?”“哦!”两字独立成段,赋以不同标点,表达不同含意,鲜明醒目,且有突出主题的作用。
【2】小说中的朱友山有何性格特点?请简要分析。
答:_____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
【3】对于朱友山“不想加入这个陶瓷研究会”之事,你怎么看?结合全文,谈谈你的观点和理由。
答:_____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
【1】C
【2】①专注执着。几十年如一口,爱好、搜集、研究古代碎瓷片。②勤学好问。像孙子一样向文博专家请教并工工整整记下来,终成大家。③坦荡率真。给瓷碗断代时直言不讳,为专家摔碎瓷碗而急白了脸,并愤然拒绝入会。
【3】示例一:赞成。理由:古陶瓷研究会中的某些专家并没有真才实学,不能看出明代素碗被现代窑工再次烧制;更重要的是,他们并不是真正爱惜古陶瓷,为了自身所谓对“正品的洁癖”不惜毁坏明代瓷碗。朱友山入会既不能提高鉴别能力,更难以与之为伍。
示例二:不赞成。理由:尽管研究会中不乏无真才实学、却以对正品有“洁癖”的名义毁坏古陶瓷的伪专家,但也有一些赏识朱友山且水平颇高的真专家,加入研究会有助于开拓视野,促进交流,从而进一步提升自己,为研究、保护古陶瓷做出更大的贡献。
【解析】
【1】A项,“成为专职玩家”不正确,朱友山一直在住建局的工作岗位上干到退休。B项,描写主人公朱友山时无肖像描写。D项,“且有突出主题的作用”,应为“极富表现力”。
【2】小说以刻画人物形象为中心,通过完整的故事情节和环境描写来反映社会生活的文学体裁。分析人物性格特点,也就是对人物形象的具体分析,人物的核心是思想性格,应联系小说对人物的言行举止的描写进行分析,解答是应分点概述并且加以分析。朱友山性格特点主要体现在专注执着、勤学好问、坦荡率真三个方面,要有针对性分析。
【3】这是一道探究题,要对作品进行个性化阅读和有创意的解读,对于朱友山“不想加入这个陶瓷研究会”之事,可以赞成,也可以不赞成,只要言之有理,符合试题要求就可以,尤其要注意联系小说的内容来谈观点和理由。
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【1】 are changing. | In the past people put caring, sharing and generosity in the first 【2】. |
Nowadays, people seem to be more 【3】 about themselves. | |
【4】 are changing too. | People in the past appeared to be modest and self-effacing(谦逊的). |
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The author’s understanding | |
【6】 for the changes in the author’s eyes | Fierce /span>【7】 and great 【8】 on modern people may be responsible for the changes. |
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___
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Go to a creek, river or park fountain. Listen to the sound of water in motion.
Camp out in the backyard or at a nearby state park. Use a tent or sleep on the ground.
Find a wide-open space to study the stars. Learn about the different constellations(星座).
Raise a garden. Or plant some seeds in a flowerpot.
Go hiking with your family. Talk about all of the colors you see in nature.
Take a camera and capture your nature experience.
【1】From Paragraph 2 we can learn that ___ .
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