【题目】阅读下面这首宋词,完成问题。
满江红①
柳 永
暮雨初收,长川②静,征帆夜落。临岛屿,蓼烟疏淡,苇风萧索。几许渔人飞短艇,尽载灯火归村落。遣行客、当此念回程,伤漂泊。
桐江好,烟漠漠。波似染,山如削。绕严陵滩畔,鹭飞鱼跃。游宦区区成底事③?平生况有云泉约④。归去来,一曲仲宣吟,从军乐⑤。
【注】①词人中进士后,被授予睦州团练推官,此词为赴任途中所作。②长川,即下片词中的桐江。③成底事:一事无成。④云泉约:指退隐山水之间的约定。⑤仲宣:王粲,建安七子之一,有《从军行》五首。《乐府解题》曰:“《从军行》皆军旅苦辛之辞。”
【1】这首词的上片在写景上具有怎样的特点?请简要分析。
【2】这首词表达了词人怎样的思想感情?请结合上下片加以分析。
【答案】
【1】动静结合,以动衬静的特色。词人先写了一系列的静景:傍晚雨停,桐江波静,夜幕来临,舟船帆落;蓼草疏淡如烟,芦苇萧索。然后写了动景:江上渔船飞快地行进,闪烁着灯火回归村落,做到了动静结合。“飞短艇”载“归村落”,这些动景更加衬托出环境的静寂。
【2】表达了词人厌倦仕途、渴望归隐之情。上片通过写雨后秋夜的疏淡、萧索之景烘托作者凄凉的心情;渔人急于归家,反衬出作者漂泊的孤独和凄苦,表达出作者渴望结束漂泊,怀乡思归的心情。下片写桐江雾浓波染,两岸峰峦如削,这样的自然美景和“区区成底事”的仕途形成了强烈对比,继而借王粲的诗,表达出自己对游宦生活的厌倦和向往自然的归隐心理。
【解析】
【1】宋词一般上片写景,下片抒情,这首词也不例外。抓住上片所写景物的特点,可以看出是动静结合。
【2】对词人思想感情的把握,要结合词的上片所写景物的情调和词的下片中的关键语句理解。
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