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【题目】In this way, we can ___ ___ a big sum of unnecessary cost.

【答案】见解析

【解析】leave out

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【题目】【真题展示】

2016年高考上海卷阅读下文,完成下列各小题。

湖殇熊久红

当一双脚站在干涸的湖底的时候,其实,那种心痛的感觉,就像是自己踩在了自己的骨头上。

我说的是,在西部腹地,看着被戈壁荒漠一寸寸吞噬掉的艾比湖;我说的是,面对一片白色的盐碱,以及狂风掠过时卷起的漫漫沙尘。

对湖而言,它首先带给我们的,应该是那粼粼的波光,是鸥鸟的翔鸣,是蓝天白云的倒映,是渔歌唱晚的恬静,这些特征是湖带给我们的生活体验,也是湖应有的生命品质。而我脚下的艾比湖,正在丧失这些青春,就像一个散失了光鲜的干瘪水果,躺成一汪奄奄一息的物证,那些越来越多从湖底裸露出来的丑陋的盐碱污泥,总是让我联想到一具行将风干的木乃伊,一个湖的木乃伊。

青年时期的艾比湖有着1200平方公里的水面;有着几万乃至十几万只野鸭水鸟嬉戏的场面;有着浩浩荡荡芦苇环卫的辽阔水域;有着长河落日大漠孤烟的宁静致远。这些深深的怀念,使得我对眼前的景象,有着撕心裂肺的悲怆。

在蛮荒的疆域里安插一个湖,应该是上帝对自己分配不公的一个补偿,她带给我们的是对绝望灵魂的抚慰,是对生存状态的重估,是能枕着入眠的一个梦境,而这个梦,曾经真真实实地存在过,在记忆的回望里,碧波荡漾。

那是八十年代中期,一直对巴金的《海上日出》心存缱绻,期待感受红日出海的璀璨景象。新疆离海太远,使只好以湖的的水域,模仿海的苍茫了。从首府放暑假回来,邀几位同学,骑车六十里,去艾比湖看日出,以弥补对海的贫瘠和渴望。

由于道路的崎岖到湖边时,太阳早已三尺竿头了。虽没赶上看日出,却被眼前一望无际、绵延至深的芦苇荡所震撼,清风拂过,波涛汹涌。一如百万雄兵拥围着这一城的浩淼,湖的浅滩上,密密麻麻布满了野鸭、灰鸭、斑头雁,随便朝水中甩一片卵石,都会惊飞几十只水鸟,空中盘旋两圈,又栖落水中。湖面很宽,即使极目远眺,也看不见对岸的轮廓。靠近水边是一排沙滩,赤脚从上面走过,可以感受到温热潮润的细沙与脚趾间密切接触的惬意。几行浅浅的脚印,一派浪漫的行程。

二十多年的时间,都无法淡化湖在往事里的色彩,这幅精美的画面早已长在岁月深处,每一次温故,都在重新涂染一遍色彩,所以,停靠在回忆中的湖,其实,一直都很鲜艳,多少次在梦里,潮涨潮落,清波涟涟。

但眼前的残败,总让人恍然隔世,觉得这个每年被大风从湖底卷起无数沙尘和盐尘的,这个每年以几平方公里的速度一点点消失的,这个在干涸湖底随处可见禽鸟尸骨和枯苇干枝的,不是记忆里的那个湖啊!它与往日被我们时常念想的碧水清波毫无瓜葛。

多么希望艾比湖的枯萎是一次误诊!

但更多时候,我们不得不面对这样一串的数字。近50年,我国失去的湖泊有243个,其中,新疆的数量最多,达62个。罗布泊消失于1972年;台特玛湖消失于1974年;玛纳斯湖消失于1974年;艾丁湖消失于1987年。这听上去多少有些像宣读阵亡名单,但它们确实是从我们眼中一个一个消失的。

那些缭绕碧波的绿茵,那些水中游戏的鱼鸟,那些湖面泛舟的渔人,那些环湖晚炊的村庄,都随着湖的消失而泯灭了。

通过同伴的结局,艾比湖一定看到了自己悲情的归宿,所以,湖才有了泪的咸涩。如果能发出呐喊,我想,湖是一定要向上天控诉的,控诉那贪婪者、破坏者、无知者、傲慢者,控诉他们以自己的短视,替子孙们挖掘着墓穴。

时常看到一些赞美艾比湖的文章,对它仅剩的三分之一的水域,进行热情歌颂,听上去就像是对着一个病入膏肓的人,赞美她美丽的服饰和迷人的发髻,不知道在鱼缸里长大的鱼,会不会朗诵有关海的诗句。

我在为一个湖悲哀的时侯,突然想起了那些鸟,那些以湖为生的水禽,它们的翅膀,如何才能越过灾难,飞抵梦想的天堂。

有删改

【1】段中的比喻贴切形象,表现力强,请加以赏析。

答:_____________________________________________________________________

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【2】作者描绘了八十年代中期游湖所见景色,用意是

答:_____________________________________________________________________

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【3】本文是抒情散文,第段却用了若干数据和年份,有何效果?

答:_____________________________________________________________________

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【4】结合全文,分析标题湖殇的含义。

答:_____________________________________________________________________

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【5】以第~段为例,评析本文语言运用上的特点。

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