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【题目】读甲、乙、丙三幅图,完成下列各题。

(1)丙图中能正确反映A、B两地降水特征的点分别是_________和_________。

(2)A、B两地中,地质灾害严重的是_________,试分析其地质灾害的主要类型和形成原因。

(3)A、B两地中,自然灾害较少的是________。其自然灾害较少的原因是什么?

【答案】

(1) (4分)

(2)A (2分) 主要类型:地震、火山、滑坡、泥石流。(2分)原因:地处板块碰撞的交界地带,地壳活动频繁;地势起伏,坡度较陡;降水集中,植被较少(4分)。

(3)B(2分) 属温带海洋性气候,降水年内分配均匀,少旱灾;远离热带气旋生成地,少台风灾害;处于板块内部,地壳比较稳定(4分)

【解析】

试题分析:

(1)结合经纬线分析甲图可知,A 区域位于南纬36°-38°之间南美大陆西岸,为地中海气候;B区域位于北纬49°-50°之间欧洲大陆西岸,为温带海洋性气候。分析丙图各点数据可知,地最冷月多雨,最热月少雨,高温期和多雨期相反,为地中海气候;地最冷月、最热月降水相当,表明降水较均与,均在50mm以上,为温带海洋性气候。分别为季风气候和热带雨林气候。

(2)A区域位于南美智利境内,安第斯山山地丘陵地区。因为地处美洲板块与南极洲板块板块碰撞的交界地带,地壳活动频繁,多地震、火山活动;地震活动使得岩石断裂,更加破碎;夏季光热强,风化作用显著;又由于地势起伏大,坡度较陡,重力作用强;降水集中,植被较少,山区易发洪水,导致滑坡、泥石流多发。

(3)欧洲西部从地理位置、地形、大气环流状况等方面分析可知其形成自然灾害的机率低。从地理位置看,欧洲西部远离板块边界,处于板块内部,地壳比较稳定,不易发生地震、火山活动;远离热带、副热带海区,距热带气旋生成地远,少台风灾害。常年受西风气流影响,属温带海洋性气候,降水年内分配均匀,少旱灾。以平原地形为主,不会发生滑坡、泥石流灾害。

温度带

形 成 原 因

气 候 特 点

分 布 规

热带雨林气候

常年受赤道低气压带控制

全年高温多雨

南北纬10°之间

热带草原气候

受赤道低气压带和信风带交替控制

全年高温,分明显的干湿两季

南北纬10°到南北回归线之间

热带季风气候

气压带风带的季节移动和海陆热力性质差异

全年高温,旱雨两季分明

北纬10°到北回归线之间的大陆东岸

热带沙漠气候

常年受副热带高气压带和信风带控制

全年高温少雨

南北回归线-南北纬30°之间的大陆内部和西岸

亚热带

亚热带季风气候和季风性湿润气候

海陆热力性质差异

夏季高温多雨,冬季温和少雨

南北纬25°-35°之间的大陆东岸

地中海气候

受副热带高气压带和西风带交替控制

夏季炎热干燥,冬季温和多雨

南北纬30°-40°之间的大陆西岸

温带

温带海洋性气候

终年受西风带控制

终年温和多雨

南北纬40°-60°之间的大陆西岸

温带季风气候

海陆热力性质差异

夏季高温多雨,冬季寒冷干燥

北纬35°-55°之间的大陆东岸

温带大陆性气候

深居大陆内部,受大陆气团影响

冬季严寒,夏季炎热,全年干旱少雨

南北纬30°-60°之间的大陆内部

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