【题目】阅读材料，完成下列要求。

材料一 牛顿（1643—1727）自幼喜欢钻研科学。1687年，他的《自然哲学的数学原理》出版，阐述了其后被视作真理的物体运动三大定律。该书受到学术界的赞颂，很快销售一空。同年，牛顿被选为国会议员，后被封为爵士，成为英国皇家学会会长和法国皇家学会会员。当时他被公认为活着的最伟大的科学家，英国有学识的人都把牛顿“奉为他们的首领，承认他是他们的主帅和大师”。伏尔泰全面接受了牛顿的自然哲学，并与人合作发表了一本关于牛顿力学体系的通俗著作。18世纪中期，牛顿的理论体系在欧洲各国得到广泛认可，对整个欧洲和世界的科学与哲学发展产生了深远的影响。

——摘编自詹姆斯·格雷克《牛顿传》

材料二 爱因斯坦在纪念牛顿诞生300周年时说：因为像他这样一个人，只有把他的一生看作是为寻求永恒真理而斗争的舞台上的一幕，才能理解他。

——《爱因斯坦文集》

（1）据材料一并结合所学知识，指出牛顿的科技成果的特点及它出现的背景。

（2）据材料一、二并结合所学知识，指出爱因斯坦的相对论和牛顿力学的关系。从爱因斯坦对牛顿的评价中，你认为爱因斯坦具备怎样的品质。

【题目】书面表达

假定你是李华，看到学生会为＂英语角＂招聘志愿者的通知，你对此很感兴趣。请根据下面的提示，用英语写一封申请信。

1.个人情况；

2.英语水平；

3.目的、打算。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；

3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Sir or Madam,

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Yours,

Li Hua

【题目】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

There is a change in the air at the Tea Factory in Kenya. Now it 【1】 (be) free of the dark smoke that rises from the boilers of Kenya’s tea factories.

The Makomboki company has begun to use a 【2】 (little) costly and more environmentally friendly fuel. Instead of burning wood, the tea maker is burning briquettes(煤砖) 【3】 (make) of plant and animal material waste.

John Gitau is the manager of the factory. He expressed 【4】 (excite) about the change in fuel at the factory. He said Makomboki had not used any firewood in the last six months.

In 2010, the International Trade Center started a training project. It aimed 【5】 (teach) Kenyan tea makers new production methods that would help limit the release of climate change gases.

As 【6】 result, Makomboki company leaders decided to change 【7】 (they) fuel source from firewood to briquettes. Since then, the factory 【8】 (increase) its use of alternative fuels and stopped depending on firewood.

【9】 trading firewood for sawdust(木屑), Makomboki alone will have saved 60,000 trees in one year. And, if all the factories in Kenya did this, a lot of trees would be saved.

Nowadays representatives from other factories have visited Makomboki to learn more about the alternative fuel.

【10】 (hope), they will follow Makomboki’s lead.

【题目】阅读材料，完成下列要求。

材料 新中国成立，在国际斗争中，坚定地站在以苏联为首的社会主义阵营一边，其实质就是中国人民坚持反对帝国主义的严正立场。……在建国后的三四年中，我国同苏联东欧各人民民主国家签订的政治、军事、经济、科技、文化及其他各种专项协定和议定书等，共达 110多种，而与其他国家订立的各种协定，总共才二三十件。十一届三中全会以后，中国外交活动的对象中，既包括发达国家，更多的是发展中国家；既有欧美国家，又有亚非国家；既有大国，又有小国；既有中国的周边国家，又有与中国远隔重洋的国家。

——摘编自《新中国外交的特点》

根据材料，指出从新中国成立到十一届三中全会以后，我国外交方针的发展变化趋势。并结合所学知识从实施背景方面予以简要说明。(说明：只答一种变化趋势即可。要求史实准确)

【题目】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Magic is the performance of tricks. It has been a part of almost every culture in the world. Magic shows might include a disappearing act, card tricks, or pulling a rabbit out of a hat. But what could that have to do with health?

Kevin Spencer, an American magician goes beyond just entertaining crowds. He also makes magic to improve the lives of people with disabilities.

What made him change the focus of his work was an accident. It took him almost a year to regain the skills he’d lost as a result of the accident and this made him think about using magic tricks as a tool for healing. So Spencer started conducting workshops all over the world. He teaches magic tricks to children and adults with disabilities.

Mr. Spencer says magic therapy(疗法) may seem non-traditional. But many skills needed to perform a good magic trick are used in traditional forms of therapy — physical movement, thinking, understanding and social skills are all there. And that social connection with other people can also help people feel better about themselves and increase their confidence.

Liam Shannon is an example. Liam has a brain disorder that can make learning and connecting with people difficult. People with severe brain disorder may also have trouble understanding complex emotions. The 10-year-old boy said after he learned a few simple tricks, he felt many different emotions. ＂It made me feel happy and proud. It was great!＂ Liam said.

Kevin Spencer says seeing kids like Liam come alive is better than all the applause in the world. ＂We can be on a stage and get the applause of thousands of people, but that is nothing compared to the smile that comes across a kid’s face and when they say ‘Look! I did it!’ and it’s like, ‘yeah, you did!’＂.

He says he plans to spend more time working with people with disabilities.

【1】What do you think of Kevin Spencer?

A. Kind. B. Humorous. C. Brave. D. Honest.

【2】Magic therapy is similar to traditional forms of therapy in_________.

A. the use of tools

B. the use of skills

C. the length of history

D. the variety of forms

【3】The author mentioned Liam Shannon in the text in order to_________.

A. show Liam Shannon likes magic very much

B. tell us Liam Shannon has a talent for magic

C. prove the success of Kevin Spencer’s magic therapy

D. explain the connection between magic and personality

【4】What is mainly talked about in the text?

A. Magic is an interesting performance.

B. Kevin Spencer is popular with children.

C. Kevin Spencer has a deep love for magic.

D. Kevin Spencer use magic to help the disabled.

【题目】1949年初解放军进驻北平时，东交民巷各兵营仍掌握在帝国主义手中，领事馆区是国中之国。在举行入城式时，毛泽东特别批准让军队游行穿过东交民巷。1950年1月6日，中央以北京市军管会的名义征用美、英、法、荷在北京东交民巷的兵营。后来与各国建交后，各国设立了大使馆。这体现了新中国成立初期

A．奉行“一边倒”外交政策

B．实行“打扫干净屋子再请客”的方针

C．提出了“求同存异”方针

D．实行了独立自主不结盟的外交政策

【题目】2017年6月8-9日，上海合作组织成员国元首理事会第17次会议在阿斯塔纳举行。这次会议中印度和巴基斯坦正式成为上海合作组织成员国。以下关于上海合作组织的表述正确的是

A．该组织的合作程度低，属于松散性的论坛性组织

B．该组织始终奉行独立自主和非集团的宗旨和原则

C．其以大国首先倡导、安全先行、互利协作为特征

D．深化中国与周边国家的睦邻友好，维护世界和平

【题目】马克思说：“由于阶级对立的发展是同工业的发展步调一致的，所以这些发明家也不可能看到无产阶级解放的物质条件，于是他们就去探求某些社会科学、社会规律，以便创造这些条件……”此话旨在强调

A．空想社会主义理论具有时代局限性 B．巴黎公社运动缺乏必要的阶级基础

C．俄国落后不具备社会主义革命的条件 D．马克思主义为无产阶级指明了方向

【题目】“法国人对巴黎公社也有自豪感，因为那个时代愚蠢的第二帝国和愚蠢的对普鲁士战争，与巴黎市民的挺身而出形成鲜明对比。今天巴黎公社社员墙边的鲜花，不是中国人、不是古巴人、不是朝鲜人放的，是法国人放的。”法国人如此看巴黎公社是基于其

A．推翻了第二帝国的统治B．革命精神

C．推动了世界无产阶级革命D．民族精神

【题目】书面表达

假设你是李华，你的笔友Peter最近染上了吸烟的坏习惯，请你写一封邮件对他进行劝告。内容包含以下两个方面：

1. 吸烟的危害；

2. 提出建议。

注意：1. 词数：100词左右；

2. 文章的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数；

3. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。

Dear Peter,

I am sorry to hear that you have fallen into the habit of smoking.____________________

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Looking forward to your good news.

Yours,

Li Hua