·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©¸ù¾ÝÍéÌþ2£¬5-¶þ¼×»ù¼ºÍéµÄ̼¼Ü£¬ÔÚ¸ÃÍéÌþµÄ̼¼ÜÉÏÌíÉÏ̼̼Èý¼ü¼´¿É£»
£¨2£©Ì¼Ô×ÓÊýÔÚ10ÒÔÄÚµÄÍéÌþµÄËùÓÐͬ·ÖÒì¹¹ÌåÖУ¬Ò»ÂÈ´úÎïÎÞͬ·ÖÒì¹¹Ì壬˵Ã÷¸ÃÍéÌþÖÐÖ»ÓÐÒ»ÖÖµÈЧÇâÔ×Ó£¬¸ù¾ÝµÈЧÇâÔ×ÓµÄÅжϷ½·¨À´»Ø´ð£»
£¨3£©ÇâÆø¡¢äå¡¢ä廯Çⶼ¿ÉÒÔ¸úAÆð¼Ó³É·´Ó¦£¬ËµÃ÷AÖк¬Óв»±¥ºÍ¼ü£¬AÊÇÒ»ÔªôÈËᣬËùÒÔAÖÐÓÐ-COOH£¬¸ù¾Ýº¬Ì¼µÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ50.0%Çó½â£»
£¨4£©ÉÕÆ¿ÖÊÁ¿Ôö¼Ó4.32g£¬ÎªAg£¬ÆäÎïÖʵÄÁ¿n=
=0.04mol£¬¸ù¾ÝR-CHO¡«2Ag£¬ÌÖÂÛ½â´ð£»£¨5£©Å¨ÁòËá¾ßÓÐÎüË®ÐÔ£¬²úÎïÖÊÁ¿¼õÇá10.8g£¬ËµÃ÷·´Ó¦²úÎïÖк¬Ë®10.8g£¬Í¨¹ý×ÆÈÈÑõ»¯Í£¬ÓÉÓÚ·¢Éú·´Ó¦CuO+CO
Cu+CO
2£¬²úÎïÖÊÁ¿Ôö¼ÓÁË3.2g£¬½áºÏ·½³ÌʽÀûÓòîÁ¿·¨¿É¼ÆËãCOµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¬Í¨¹ý¼îʯ»Òʱ£¬¼îʯ»ÒµÄÖÊÁ¿Ôö¼ÓÁË17.6g¿É¼ÆËã×ÜCO
2µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¬¼õÈ¥COÓëCuO·´Ó¦Éú³ÉµÄCO
2µÄÖÊÁ¿ÎªÓлúÎïȼÉÕÉú³ÉCO
2µÄÖÊÁ¿£¬¸ù¾ÝÔªËØÊغã¼ÆËãÓлúÎïÖк¬ÓÐC¡¢H¡¢OµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¬½ø¶øÇóµÃ»¯Ñ§Ê½£¬½áºÏ·Ö×Óʽ¡¢ÓëÄÆ·´Ó¦µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿È·¶¨¹ÙÄÜÍÅÖÖÀ༰ÊýÄ¿£¬¾Ý´ËÊéдÓлúÎïµÄÃû³Æ£»
½â´ð£º
½â£º£¨1£©2£¬5-¶þ¼×»ù¼ºÍéµÄ̼¼ÜΪ£ºC-C£¨C£©-C-C-C£¨C£©-C£¬ÔÚ¸Ã̼¼ÜÉÏÌí¼Ó̼̼Èý¼ü£¬¿ÉÒԵõ½È²Ìþ£¬¸ÃȲÌþµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪ£º
£¬¼´£¨CH
3£©
2CHC¡ÔCCH£¨CH
3£©
2£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£¨CH
3£©
2CHC¡ÔCCH£¨CH
3£©
2£»
£¨2£©ÍéÌþ·Ö×ÓÖУ¬Í¬Ò»¸ö̼ÉϵÄÇâÔ×ÓµÈЧ£¬Á¬ÔÚͬһ¸ö̼Ô×ÓÉϵÄÇâÔ×ÓµÈЧ£¬¾ßÓоµÃæ¶Ô³ÆµÄ̼Ô×ÓÉϵÄÇâÔ×ÓµÈЧ£¬ÍéÌþµÄÒ»ÂÈÈ¡´úÎïÖ»ÓÐÒ»ÖÖ£¬ËµÃ÷¸ÃÍéÌþÖÐÖ»ÓÐÒ»ÖÖµÈЧÇâÔ×Ó£¬ÔÚ̼Ô×ÓÊýn¡Ü10µÄËùÓÐÍéÌþµÄͬ·ÖÒì¹¹ÌåÖУ¬ÆäÒ»ÂÈÈ¡´úÎïÖ»ÓÐÒ»ÖÖµÄÍéÌþ·Ö±ðÊÇ£º¼×Íé¡¢ÒÒÍé¡¢2£¬2-¶þ¼×»ù±ûÍéÒÔ¼°2£¬2£¬3£¬3-Ëļ׻ù¶¡Í飬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º4£»
£¨3£©Éè¸ÃÒ»ÔªôÈËá·Ö×ÓʽΪC
nH
mO
2£¬Óɺ¬Ì¼µÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ50%£¬µÃ£º12n=m+32£¬ÇâÆø¡¢äå¡¢ä廯Çⶼ¿ÉÒÔ¸úAÆð¼Ó³É·´Ó¦£¬ËµÃ÷AÖк¬Óв»±¥ºÍ¼ü£¬ÌÖÂۿɵãºn=3£¬m=4£¬¼´C
3H
4O
2£¬Îª±ûÏ©ËᣬÆä½á¹¹¼òʽΪ£ºCH
2=CH-COOH£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºCH
2=CHCOOH£»
£¨4£©ÉÕÆ¿ÖÊÁ¿Ôö¼Ó4.32g£¬ÎªAg£¬ÆäÎïÖʵÄÁ¿n=
=0.04mol£¬10g11.6%µÄijȩÈÜҺȩµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª10¡Á11.6%=1.16g£¬
ÈôΪһԪȩ£ºÉèһԪȩµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îªx£¬
Ôò R-CHO¡«2Ag
1mol 2mol
x 0.04mol x=0.02mol£¬
RCHOµÄĦ¶ûÖÊÁ¿M=
=
=58g/mol£¬¸ù¾ÝȩͨʽC
nH
2nO£¬Îª±ûÈ©CH
3CH
2CHO£¬
ÈôΪ¶þԪȩ ÔòÓÐ
OHC-RCHO¡«4Ag
1mol 4mol
0.01mol 0.04mol
Ôò¶þԪȩµÄĦ¶ûÖÊÁ¿M=
=
=116g/mol£¬-CHOΪ29g/mol£¬ÔòR=116-29¡Á2=58£¬²»ºÏÀí£®Í¬Ê±¿ÉÅųý¼×È©µÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºCH
3CH
2CHO£»
£¨5£©ÓлúÎïȼÉÕÉú³ÉË®10.8g£¬Ë®µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£º
=0.6mol£¬
ÉèÓлúÎïȼÉÕÉú³ÉµÄCOÖÊÁ¿Îªx£¬
Ôò£ºCuO+CO
Cu+CO
2£¬Æø̬ÔöÖØ¡÷m
28g 16g
x 3.2g
ËùÒÔx=
=5.6g£¬COµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£º
=0.2mol£¬
¸ù¾Ý̼ԪËØÊغã¿ÉÖªCOÓëCuO·´Ó¦Éú³ÉµÄCO
2µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª0.2mol£¬ÖÊÁ¿Îª£º0.2mol¡Á44g/mol=8.8g£®
ÓлúÎïȼÉÕÉú³ÉµÄCO
2µÄÖÊÁ¿Îª£º17.6g-8.8g=8.8g£¬ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£º
=0.2mol£¬
¸ù¾Ý̼ԪËØÊغã¿ÉÖª£¬1molÓлúÎﺬÓÐ̼Ô×ÓÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£º
mol=2mol£¬
¸ù¾ÝÇâÔªËØÊغã¿ÉÖª£¬1molÓлúÎﺬÓÐÇâÔ×ÓÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£º
mol=6mol
¸ù¾ÝÑõÔªËØÊغã¿ÉÖª£¬1molÓлúÎﺬÓÐÑõÔ×ÓÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£º
=2mol£®
ËùÒÔÓлúÎïµÄ·Ö×ÓʽΪ£ºC
2H
6O
2£¬9.2g ÄÆΪ0.4mol£¬0.2mol¸ÃÓлúÎïÓë0.4molÄÆÇ¡ºÃ·´Ó¦£¬ÓлúÎïÖк¬ÓÐ2¸öôÇ»ù£¬¸ÃÓлúÎïµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪOHCH
2CH
2OH£¬¸ÃÓлúÎïµÄÃû³ÆΪÒÒ¶þ´¼£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÒÒ¶þ´¼£»